1. Indicators of pollution

2. Monitoring pollution
scientists monitor pollution of water, air and land.
Some are researchers at universities
International organisations
Governments
Local authorities
Power companies

3. Ways to monitor pollution
Data recorders:- measure changes in concentrations of particular chemicals.
Plants and animals (indicator organisms):- scientists look for longer-term effects of pollution.

4. Animals as pollution indicators
Invertebrate animals are good indicators of water pollution. Some can live onve in very polluted water others can only live in clean water

5. Clean water
Stone fly nymph
Mayfly nymph
Freshwater shrimp
Pond skater
Rat-tailed maggot
Sludge worm
Very polluted water

6. lichens
Lichens are sensitive to the amount of sulphur dioxide, some species more than others.
The species present and number of different species give clues about air pollution.
Lichens grow slowly, they indicate long-term purity of the air.
Air pollution is also monitored daily with chemical tests

7. high
low
Crusty lichen
Shrubby lichen
Leafy lichen

8. questions Give 3 reasons why we monitor pollution
Why do power companies employ scientists to check air pollution.
Which type of lichen would you expect to find in a city centre? Explain your answer
What types of lichen would you expect to find in the country side? explain your answer

9. What you need to remember!!
Indicators of pollution
We can use_________ organisms to show how much pollution there is, including_________ as indicators of air pollution. Invertebrate animals as indicators of___________ ___________
lichens
Water pollution
indicator