1. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Postsecondary Options for Students with Intellectual Disabilities: A National Perspective Meg Grigal, Ph.D. Think College Institute for Community Inclusion University of Massachusetts, Boston

2. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010

3. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Employment Outcomes  Majority of working students with ID work 8 hours a week or less  Among all disability groups, youth with ID had the lowest rate of paid employment (31%) outside of high school one year after exit - Wagner et al., 2003

4. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Employment Outcomes  39.9% of 338 graduates with DD (including ID) receiving long term supports, in paid work one year after exiting high school  Of those working, only 14.2% were employed in individual positions and paid minimum wage -Simonsen (2010)

5. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Accessing Postsecondary Education 7.7% young adults had attended postsecondary institution in the past 2 years 2.3% young adults were currently attending a postsecondary institution »NLTS-2 2009 Wave 5

6. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Why is college important for students with ID?

7. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 RSA 911 Youth with ID who experienced PSE Had an increased rate of rehabilitation –Some PSE 9% –Attained Degree 30% Had increased earnings –Some PSE 27% –Attained a degree 53%

8. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Paid Employment  Youth who participated in PSE were 26% more likely to leave Vocational Rehabilitation with paid employment  Earned a 73% higher weekly income  Individuals need greater access to PSE supported by Vocational Rehabilitation Data Set: RSA 911 Migliore, A., Butterworth, J., & Hart, D. 2009. Postsecondary Education and Employment Outcomes for Youth with Intellectual Disabilities. Fast Facts Series, No. 1. Boston, MA: Institute for Community Inclusion

9. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Percentage of Individuals Employed within Enrollment Status among Individuals Ages 18 through 25 Source: 2010 The American Community Survey

10. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Are we setting college as a goal for youth with ID?

11. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Post School Goals- NLTS2 Comparing postsecondary goals of youth with ID vs youth w/other disabilities 33% of students with ID had the goal of sheltered employment 8% of students with other disabilities had goal of sheltered employment -Grigal, Hart, & Migliore, 2011

12. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Predictors of Employment  The only post-high school transition goal that was a predictor of employment for students with ID was having the goal of attending a two or four year college.  58% students with other disabilities had this goal  11% of students with ID had this goal

13. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Kinds of PSE Experiences Dual or Concurrent Enrollment via a college-based transition program Adult Enrollment via a program on a college campus designed to serve students with ID/DD Access to existing college options

14. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 What are some of the BIG Questions? What is being done to prepare students with ID to be college/career ready in K-12? How are our expectations limiting the opportunities students get? How can we achieve the goal of having PSE as a consistent option on the table for planning?

15. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Family Perspectives Educators perceived as less supportive of PSE 73% respondents reported lack of information or guidance 36% school and other staff did not help me understand –Griffin, McMillan, &Hodapp -2010

16. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Family Expectations are influenced by professional guidance knowledge expectations All of which are influenced by their past experiences

17. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Which usually is not higher education

18. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Sheltered workshops

19. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Percent of 2 & 4 Year Degree-Granting IHE Enrolling Students by Disability: NCES 2008–09 Raue, K., and Lewis, L. (2011). Students With Disabilities at Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions (NCES 2011–018). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

20. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Operational Definition of College Readiness the level of preparation a student needs in order to enroll and succeed without remediation in a credit-bearing general education course at a postsecondary institution that offers a baccalaureate degree or transfer to a baccalaureate program –Conley, D. T. (2007). Redefining college readiness, Volume 3. Eugene, OR: Educational Policy Improvement Center.

21. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Conley’s Model of College Readiness Conley, D. T. (2007). Redefining college readiness, Volume 3. Eugene, OR: Educational Policy Improvement Center.

22. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Lumina Foundations Degree Qualifications Profile illustrates what students should be expected to know and be able to do after earning regardless of major or specialization. Five critical learning outcomes for all academic programs in higher education and supports those that follow.

23. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 The Degree Qualifications Profile

24. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 The Traditional Pathway Traditional Matriculation Placement Test, Essay Pursuit of degree Reasonable Accommodations Placement Test, Essay Pursuit of degree Reasonable Accommodations

25. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 The Alternate Pathway Non- matriculation Person centered Planning Individual Support Plan Focus on Employment Goals May pursue certificate or credential Person centered Planning Individual Support Plan Focus on Employment Goals May pursue certificate or credential

26. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA)  Enacted August 14, 2008  Reauthorizes the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended

27. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Higher Education Opportunity Act  Defined Intellectual Disability  Created  Comprehensive Transition Programs  Model Demonstrations  Coordinating Center

28. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Definition of Intellectual Disability The law (Section 760 (2) of the Higher Act of 1965, 20 U.S.C. 1140 (2)) defines a student with an intellectual disability to be a student: (A) With a cognitive impairment, characterized by significant limitations in— (i) intellectual and cognitive functioning; and (ii) adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills; and (B) Who is currently, or was formerly, eligible for a free appropriate public education under IDEA.

29. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 A Comprehensive Transition and Postsecondary Program a degree, certificate, or non-degree program that is— –offered by an institution of higher education; –designed to support students with [intellectual disabilities] who are seeking to continue academic, career and technical, and independent living instruction at an IHE in order to prepare for gainful employment; –includes an advising and curriculum structure; and –requires students with intellectual disabilities to participate on not less than a half-time basis, as determined –by the institution, with such participation focusing on academic components.

30. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Title IV Programs-Financial Aid The Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) of 2008 allows an eligible student with an intellectual disability (ID) attending an eligible Comprehensive Transition and Postsecondary (CTP) program to receive aid from the following Title IV programs: -Pell Grant -Supplemental Education Opportunity Grant -Federal Work-Study  Implementing regulations can be found at 34 C.F.R. 668,Subpart O

31. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Comprehensive Transition and Postsecondary (CTP) Programs (4/1/12) California State University Fresno, California Taft CollegeTaft, California Southeastern UniversityLakeland, Florida Elmhurst College Elmhurst, Illinois Heartland Community CollegeNormal, Illiniois The College of New JerseyEwing, New Jersey New York Institute of TechnologyOld Westbury, New York Western Carolina UniversityCullowhee, North Carolina Kent State UniversityKent, Ohio College of CharlestonCharleston, South Carolina Clemson UniversityClemson, South Carolina University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina Coastal Carolina UniversityConway, South Carolina George Mason UniversityFairfax, Virginia

32. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Eligible Program - HEOA  Physical Attendance  Academic, career, and independent living instruction  Prepare for gainful employment  Includes an advising and curriculum structure  Provides students with intellectual disabilities opportunities to participate in coursework and other activities with students without disabilities

33. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 NATIONAL SNAPSHOT

34. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 National Survey Respondents 149 program respondents from 37 states

35. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 National Survey Findings (N= 149)  50% 4-year colleges or universities  40% 2-year colleges  10% Trade and Technical schools  45% only adults  26% dually enrolled  29% served both

36. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Admissions, Courses  60% formally enrolled  56% special entrance criteria  75% group instruction, activities, or social events specifically for students w/ID  53% access courses via typical registration process  71% don’t placement test

37. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Access to Disability and Housing Services 58% receive services from the college’s Disability Service Office (DSO) 39% offer residential options

38. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Transition Programs for Students with Intellectual Disabilities

39. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Coordinating Center: Think College at Institute for Community Inclusion, UMass/Boston 1.Evaluation protocol 2.Training, technical assistance, & dissemination 3.Coordination & collaboration 4.Credentialing & Accreditation

40. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Implementation In 2010-11:  507 students were served by 20 TPSIDs operating on 31 IHEs  8 TPSIDs at 12 IHEs were in a planning year

41. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Type of Students Served  5 TPSIDs serve adults with ID  5 TPSIDs serve transitioning youth with ID 18-21 years old who are still in high school  17 TPSIDs serve both adults & transitioning youth

42. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 53 IHEs will serve students over 5 years

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44. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Course Offerings for TPSID Students

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46. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Employment 2010-11 (N=507)  Employment History  29% had been employed for pay prior to TPSID  55% had never been employed prior to TPSID  Employment Outcomes  165 (33%) students held paid job  55% jobs were individual paid jobs  43% of working students had never had a paid job

47. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 What can we learn from TPSIDs? –Future PSE access –Employment –Independent living –Quality of life –Social Networks

48. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Be aware of the changing landscape Legislation Program development Informed Families Informed Professionals Input from Experienced IHE professionals

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54. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2012 Standards Based Conceptual Framework Reflects a higher education perspective Authentic, inclusive college education Planning, implementation, and evaluation Evidence base

55. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2012 The Think College Standards for Inclusive Higher Education

56. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010

57. www.thinkcollege.net © Think College 2010 Meg Grigal meg.grigal@umb.edu