1. THE VACCINE CONTROVERSY Presented by: Joseph Goodfellow

2. WHAT ARE VACCINES?  “A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.”

3. History  Smallpox vaccine introduced in 1798  Diphtheria antitoxin  Tuberculin (1890)  By the 1950s  Diphtheria, pertusis, tetanus and smallpox  By mid-1980s  many vaccines have been added  Universal Immunization Programme

4. Present Day Vaccination schedule CDC recommends 28 doses of 10 vaccines for children ages 0-6 Mandatory school vaccinations Exemptions

5. ACIP’S VACCINE RECOMMENDATIONS Anthrax BCG DTaP Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hib DTP HPV Influenza Japanese Encephalitis MMR Meningococcal Pneumgococcal Smallpox Rotavirus Tdap/Td Typhoid Varicella (chickenpox) Yellow Fever Shingles

6. Vaccine Effectiveness Rubella 12.5 million cases during 1964-65 epidemic In 2004, there were 9 cases Measles 3 million cases up till 1963 > 90% of children were diagnosed by age 15 In 2002, there were 44 cases Diphtheria Approx. 200,000 cases in 1920 In 2002, there was 1 case Hib 20,000 cases per year (before 1985) In 2002, there were 34 cases

7. SO WHAT’S THE CONTROVERSY?  Some believe there are flaws with vaccines  Issues that are being raised threaten the belief system that our conventional health care system is predicated upon  “Vaccines are the cause of chronic, debilitating and, in many ways, painful immunologic and neurological disorders.”

8. CONTROVERSY CON’T…  Diseases haven’t disappeared  More than 350,000 cases of measles were reported from around the world in 2011  Vaccine-preventable diseases haven’t been totally erased  Smallpox

9. CONTROVERSY CON’T..  Is it better to be naturally infected rather than vaccinated?

10. CONCERNS WITH AUTISM  In 2002, 1 in 68 children were born with ASD  An increase in Autism cases  Theory that Autism is linked to Vaccines

11. PROS  Vaccines are a preventive measure which is far less costly for governments, health care providers, and the economy than treating victims of the disease after it has appeared  The preventable 1989-91 measles outbreak in the United States, for example, created $100 million in direct medical costs alone  Reduce human deaths and suffering

12. PROS CON’T..  Vaccines can save your child’s life  Immunization protects others you care about  Immunization protects future generations  Saves time and money

13. http:// www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html Rubella

14. MEASLES

15. INTRODUCTION TO VARIOUS VACCINES

16. ROTAVIRUS

17. http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMc1100062

18. WHAT HAPPENS IF WE STOPPED VACCINES? http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop.htm

19. CON’T…  Breakdown in herd immunity  Pertussis epidemic  Japan, 1974  80% of children were getting the disease  Whooping cough outbreak  California, 2010  9,500 cases reported (Most in the last 65 years!)

20. CON’T…  Since the introduction of vaccines;  deaths and other preventable-disease related illnesses have been dramatically reduced  Has saved millions of dollars for families and health care providers  Has prevented epidemics seen in the past

21. SOURCES  http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=209448 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=209448   http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html  http://www.immunizationinfo.org/parents/why-immunize http://www.immunizationinfo.org/parents/why-immunize  http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism/  http://vaccines.procon.org/ http://vaccines.procon.org/  http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop.htm http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop.htm