1. World History Chapter Five Section Two

2. Literature, History, Philosophy Ideas borrowed from the Greeks Blending of Greek, Hellenistic and Roman – known as Greco-Roman civilization Virgil - Aeneid – epic poem that showed Rome’s past Linked to Greece – Aeneas escaped from Troy and founded Rome Written after Augustus took power - unity

3. Poetry Satire – make fun of – Roman society Horace – used satire to make fun of human folly Juvenal and Martial – more cutting in wit Martial was so crass in his poems that he changed names so he would not be hurt or killed

4. Historians Told of the rise and fall of Roman power Livy – tried to arouse patriotic feelings – recalled Rome’s heroic past Horatius and Cincinnatus Tacitus – disliked Augustus and his successors and felt they ruined Rome

5. Philosophy Borrowed much of it from the Greeks Hellenistic philosophy of Stoicism impressed Marcus Aurelius Stoics stressed accepting of ones fate and duty Showed concern for all people

6. Art and Architecture Sculptors portrayed realism – showed warts and veins Sought to show a person character – look on face – smug, arrogant, proud Some sculptors strived for an idealistic view Used art to beautify homes Mosaics – picture made from chips of stone or glass

7. Architecture Emphasized grandeur – size, power Huge temples, palaces and stadiums Used columns and arches Invented concrete for building material Developed a round domed roof Pantheon – temple that honors the Roman gods and is still in Rome today

9. Pantheon

10. Science and Math Romans were masters of engineering – application of science and math to develop useful structures and machines Roads, bridges, harbors Built so well still around today Aqueducts – bridge like stone structures that carried water

12. Science Greeks now citizens in the Empire and most science was left to them to perform Ptolemy – astronomer-mathematician Proposed theory that earth was the center of the universe – he was wrong but this was accepted for 1500 years

13. Civil Law Civil law developed in Rome – applied to citizens Law of Nations – applied to non-citizens and citizens alike When Rome offered citizenship to more people these two law codes merged Innocent until proven guilty Accused could face his/her accuser and defend themselves Guilt had to be established “clearer than daylight” – using evidence Judges were to interpret the law and be fair Penalties varied depending on social class and the poor were often treated more harshly