1. Fig. 16-CO, p. 446

2. Study Guide Chapter 16 1. Explain how the groundwater system operates. 2.Describe the zones of aeration and saturation. 3.Locate the water table on a diagram. 4.Is the water table higher or lower in a humid climate? Why? 5.What is porosity? 6.Distinguish between an aquifer and aquiclude. 7.What is an artesian well? 8.What climate and rocks form karst landforms. 9.What are stalactites and stalagmites.

3. Underground Water and Karst Formations Aquifer- A rock formation that stores and transmits water. Aquiclude- A rock formation that restricts passage of water and limited storage capacity. The ability to store water depends on porosity and permeability.

4. Porosity and Permeability Porosity-Proportion of space between the particles that make up the soil or rock. Affects storage of water. Permeability-Ability to allow passage of water through the soil.

5. Fig. 16-4, p. 450

6. Soil Types and Aquifer Ability Aquicludes Clay or Granite Restricts passage of water Good Aquifers Sand, sandstone, limestone Porous and Permeable Poor Aquifer Ability Slate, Shale Impermeable and nonporous

7. Infiltration Unconfined aquifer Confined aquifer Lake Well requiring a pump Flowing artesian well Runoff Precipitation Confined Recharge Area Less permeable material such as clay Confining permeable rock layer Unconfined Aquifer Recharge Area stream Similar to Fig. 16.5

8. Fig. 16-7, p. 453

11. Karst Formations Results from chemical action between limestone and water. A famous example of a karst formation is Carlsbad Caverns.

12. stalagmites

13. stalactitesHold tight from the ceiling