1. Working Group on Effects, 29th Session, 22-24 September 2010 Task Force on Health: Results: PM Michal Krzyzanowski TFH Chair WHO/Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn http://www.euro.who.int/air ECE/EB.AIR/WG1/2010/11

2. Effects of PM exposure on health: 2010 update Intensive research on health effects of PM continues (500 research papers published in 2008-9): Confirm WHO AQG Global Update 2005 conclusion on the increased of morbidity and mortality (heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases) related to long term exposure to PM2.5; Prompted US EPA to classify relation of cardiovascular effects with long- term PM2.5 exposure as “causal” (association of CV and respiratory effects with PM10, PM10-2.5, UF – suggestive); Broader array of studied effects (biomarkers, reproductive & neurological effects) Health effects demonstrated for various PM components / sources / characteristics. Systematic assessment of health relevance of black smoke (The Netherlands)

3. Effects of PM exposure on health: 2010 update Ongoing activities: Preparations to the 2013 revision of EU AQ Directive: discussion on risk assessment methods at 13th FH Meeting; European Study of Cohorts and Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) Collaboration of ca 30 cohorts covering 900,000 subjects Health impact assessment of air pollution: in European cities (APHEKOM) EU – analysis by ETC ACC Global Burden of Disease – Harvard Initiative for Global Health & collaborators, including WHO (use of GAINS & satellite-based PM2.5 estimates)

4. PM10 in cities, 2008 Source: ETC ACC AQG = 20 µg/m3

5. Urban population distribution by PM10 annual average, 2007

6. Mean annual PM10 in Europe, 1999-2008

7. PM2.5 in cities, 2008 Source: ETC ACC WHO AQG

8. Potential reduction in YLL for two scenarios for PM2.5 reduction: LV compliance and AEI-reduction target Source: F. De Leeuw, J. Horalek, ETC/ACC, 2009

9. Impact indicators in 2020 vs. levels in 2000, for the baseline cases and the maximum technical feasible reductions (MTFR) Amman et al, CIAM Report 1/2010 PM2.5

10. Air pollution episodes 2010

11. Federal Environment Agency

12. Federal Environment Agency

13. Estimates of PM2.5 in Russia, summer 2010 Method: Env Health Persp 2010