1. The ZebraNet Wild Life Tracker Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University

2. Road Map Background ZebraNet: Problem Statement ZebraNet Design Details Protocol Design Tradeoffs Current Status

3. Background Sensor nets In areas without cellular coverage Using peer-to-peer communication With “ad hoc” methods for discovering network routes and keeping them up to date

4. ZebraNet Biologists want to track animals ZebraNet: Wireless ad hoc network of zebras… –Intelligent tracking collars placed on sampled set of zebras –Sensor network: data collected includes GPS position info, temperature,

5. Data to track: What are the sensors in this net? Current –GPS position sample every 3 minutes –Sun/Shade indication –Detailed position sampling: Standing still or moving? Speed? “Step rate”. Future –Head up or down: “bite rate” –Body temperature –Heart rate –Interactions with other species –ZebraCam

6. Challenge Need sufficiently long range Power generation & storage: Power efficiency serious bandwidth and computational needs Reliability & fault tolerance Good physical design for ruggedness Variable frequency for use in US & Kenya

7. ZebraNet Block Diagram

8. ZebraNet sensor Weight: 1090 grams (2.4lbs) Designed to operate for 5 days without solar recharge Energy saving tricks Baby picture

9. Basic Operation System Nodes collect logs of GPS position and other information. Peer-to-peer communication aggregates data back to researcher base station Research station is not fixed. Rather, it moves and is only intermittently available

10. Protocol tradeoff Flooding: Every 3 minutes, zebras look for other zebras in range. Send to everyone they find. History-Based: Every 3 minutes, zebras look for others in range. Of the ones found, only send to one: the one with the best success rate at delivering data.

11. Current Status January 2-24, 2004: ZebraNet heads to Kenya for its first test deployment! They were at the Mpala Research Centre and deploying nodes on zebras at the Sweetwaters Reserve. Mpala Research Centre