1. MID-LEVEL CLOUDS A STUDY IN METEOROLOGY Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

2. CLOUD FORMATION FIRST LETS REVIEW HOW CLOUDS FORM AS ALTITUDE INCREASES, TEMPERATURE FALLS. WHEN THE TEMPERATURE DROPS LOW ENOUGH WATER CONDENSES. THIS IS KNOWN AS THE LIFTED CONDENSATION LEVEL. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

3. CLOUD FORMATION LETS THINK ABOUT THIS IN TERMS OF THERMO-DYNAMICS. ENERGY IS CONSERVED. PRESSURE DECREASES WITH ALTITUDE. AIR EXPANDS PUSHING ON SURROUNDING AIR. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

4. CLOUD FORMATION THIS PUSHING DOES WORK ON THE SURROUNDING AIR BUT SINCE ENERGY MUST BE CONSERVED, FOR THIS WORK TO BE DONE THE TEMPERATURE DROPS THIS DROP IN TEMPERATURE CAUSES RISING WATER VAPOR TO CONDENSE. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

5. CLOUD FORMATION WHEN WATER CONDENSES ITS TEMPERATURE DROPS BUT IF ENERGY IS CONSERVED THE THERMAL ENERGY HAS TO GO SOMEWHERE. IT GOES INTO THE SURROUNDING AIR WARMING IT BACK UP. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

6. CLOUD FORMATION WHEN AN AIR MASS IS WARMER THAN ITS SURROUNDINGS IT RISES TEMPERATURE DROPS AGAIN, AND MORE WATER CONDENSES, REPEATING THE PROCESS. A RISING AIR MASS IS CALLED AN UNSTABLE AIR MASS. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

7. CLOUD FORMATION ULTIMATELY UNSTABLE AIR CAUSES MULTIPLE LEVELS OF CONDENSATION. SOMETIMES THESE ARE CLOSE TOGETHER, OTHER TIMES THEY ARE FAR APART. OVERALL TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, AND PRESSURE COME INTO PLAY AT THIS POINT. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

8. MID-LEVEL CLOUDS ON TO THE CLOUDS! Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

9. MID-LEVEL CLOUDS Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Fa m.GenusSpeciesVarietyFeatures Mid Level AltocumulusCastellanusLacunosusMamma FloccusOpacusVirga LenticularisPerlucidus StratiformisRadiatus Translucidus Altostratus(none)LacunosusMamma OpacusPraecipitatio PerlucidusVirga Radiatus Translucidus

10. ALTOCUMULUS CLOUDS Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Lenticularis Floccus Stratiformis Castellanus

11. ALTOSTRATUS CLOUDS Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

12. VARIETIES RADIATUS – CLOUDS THAT FORM PARALLEL LINES (LIKE A RAILROAD) LACUNOSUS – CONTAINING HOLES OPACUS – DOES NOT TRANSMIT LIGHT PERLUCIDUS – TRANSMITS LIGHT IN SOME PLACES (NOT IN OTHERS) TRANSLUCIDUS – TRANSMITS LIGHT Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

13. FEATURES MAMMA – BULBOUS UNDERLYING PROTRUSIONS PRAECIPITATIO - PRECIPITATION VIRGA – PRECIPITATION, EVAPORATES BEFORE GROUND-FALL. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

14. SO WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? TIME TO LOOK AT THE WEATHER PREDICTIONS… Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

15. MID-LEVEL CLOUDS (6,500-23,000 FT) MID LEVEL CLOUDS GENERALLY BLOCK SUNLIGHT (BUT NOT ALWAYS) ALTOSTRATUS INDICATE A STORM IN THE NEAR FUTURE Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

16. MID-LEVEL CLOUDS (6,500-23,000 FT) MID LEVEL CLOUDS GENERALLY BLOCK SUNLIGHT (BUT NOT ALWAYS) ALTOCUMULUS MORNING PRESENCE INDICATES AFTERNOON THUNDERSTORMS AFTERNOON PRESENCE INDICATES FAIR EVENING AND NIGHT Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015

17. EXAMPLE #1 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Altocumulus Stratiformis Lacunosus Afternoon Storm Morning

18. EXAMPLE #2 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Altostratus Opacus Storm (soon)

19. EXAMPLE #3 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Morning: Altocumulus Stratiformis Lacunosus Fair Weather afternoon

20. EXAMPLE #4 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Altocumulus Castellanus Fair Weather Afternoon

21. EXAMPLE #5 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Altostratus Mamma Storm (soon) Morning

22. EXAMPLE #6 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Altocumulus Floccus Fair Weather Afternoon

23. EXAMPLE #7 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Altocumulus Floccus Afternoon Storm Morning

24. EXAMPLE #8 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Cumulus Mediocris Radiatus Fair Weather (possible rain in future)

25. EXAMPLE #9 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Cumulus Congestus, Altocumulus Stratiformis Coming Storm

26. EXAMPLE #10 IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING CLOUDS AND THE WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH. Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015 Cumulus Humilis, Altocumulus Floccus Possible Afternoon Storm Morning

27. SOURCES INTEGRATED PUBLISHING INC. (N.D.) AEROGRAPHER’S MATE, MODULE 01—SURFACE WEATHER OBSERVATIONS. RETRIEVED FEB. 9, 2015 FROM HTTP://METEOROLOGYTRAINING.TPUB.COM/HTTP://METEOROLOGYTRAINING.TPUB.COM/ SECTIONHIKER.COM (OCT. 2008) HOW TO PREDICT THE WEATHER WITH CLOUDS. RETRIEVED FEB. 9, 2015 FROM HTTP://SECTIONHIKER.COM/PREDICTING-THE-WEATHER-USING- CLOUDS/ HTTP://SECTIONHIKER.COM/PREDICTING-THE-WEATHER-USING- CLOUDS/ Created by Joshua Toebbe NOHS 2015