1. Going Large-Scale in P2P Experiments Using the JXTA Distributed Framework Mathieu Jan & Sébastien Monnet Projet PARIS Paris, 13 February 2004

2. 2 Outline How to test P2P systems at a large-scale? The JDF tool Experimenting with various network configurations Experimenting with various volatility conditions Ongoing and future work

3. 3 How to test P2P systems at a large-scale? How to reproduce and test P2P systems? Volatility Heterogeneous architectures Large-scale Many papers on Gnutella, KaZaA, etc Behavior not yet fully understood Experiments on CFS, PAST, etc Mostly simulation Real experiments up to a few tens of physical nodes Large-scale (thousands of node) via emulation The methodology for testing in not discussed Deployment How to control the volatility? A need for infrastructures

4. 4 Solutions used for testing P2P prototypes Simulation Results are reproducible  May require significant adaptations  Simplified model compared to the reality Emulation Configure network with various characteristics  Heterogeneity not fully captured  Results are not reproducible  Deployment and management Experiments on real testbeds Needed step when validating software Real heterogeneity  Results are not reproducible  Deployment and management

5. 5 A framework for automated testing of JXTA-based systems from a single node (control node) http://jdf.jxta.org/ Two modes Run one distributed test Multiple tests called batch mode (useful with crontab) We added the support of PBS Conducting JXTA-based experiments with JDF (1/2)

6. 6 Hypothesis All the nodes must be “visible” by the control node Requirements Java Virtual Machine Bourne shell SSH/RSH configured to run with no password on each node JDF: several shell scripts Deployment of the needed resources for a test or several tests Jar files and script used on each node Configuration of JXTA peers Launching peers Collect logs and results files of each node Analyze results on the control node Cleanup deployed and generated files for the test Kill remaining processes Update resources for a test Conducting JXTA-based experiments with JDF (2/2)

7. 7 How to define a test using JDF? An XML description file of the JXTA-based network Type of peers (rendezvous, edge peers) How peers are interconnected, etc A set of Java classes describing the behavior of each peer Extend the JDF’s framework (start, stop JXTA, etc) A Java class for analyzing collected results A file containing the list of nodes and the path of the JVM on each node

8. 8 Describing a simple JuxMem network (1/2) Notion of profile A set of peers having the same behavior Instance attribute of profile Specify the total number of nodes hosting this type of peer via the instance attribute Instance attribute of peer Specify the total number of peers of this type on 1 node Simplest example: one cluster manager and 1 provider Cluster A group Provider ACluster Manager A

9. 9 Describing a simple JuxMem network (2/2)

10. 10 A more complex JuxMem network (1/2) juxmem group cluster B group cluster A group cluster C group

11. 11 A more complex JuxMem network (2/2) … … … …

12. 12 Usage of JDF’s scripts runAll.sh [ ] -debug: show all script commands executed -unsecure: use rsh instead of ssh -cleanup: cleanup JDF directory on each host -bundle: create bundle for distribution -install: install distribution bundle -update: update files on each peer -config: configure JXTA network -kill: kill existing JDF processes -run: run test -nohup: run and return without waiting for peers to exit -analyze: analyze test results -log: keep test results and log4j logs from peers batchAll.sh [ ]

13. 13 Experimental results with JDF (1/2) Experimental setup Distributed ASCI Supercomputer 2 (DAS-2) managed by PBS (The Netherlands) 5 clusters for a total number of 200 Dual 1-GHz Pentium-III nodes Site mainly used: 72 nodes SSH/SCP used Experiments with JDF on up to 64 nodes Deployment of JXTA + JDF + JuxMem Configuration of JuxMem peers Update only JuxMem

14. 14 Experimental results with JDF (2/2)

15. 15 Standard JDF vs Optimized JDF

16. 16 Launching peers For each peer a JVM is started Several JXTA can not share the same JVM How to deal with connections between edge and rendezvous peers? Rendezvous peers must be started before edge peers JDF uses the notion of delay Time to wait before launching peers Need a mechanism for distributed synchronization

17. 17 Getting the logs and the results Framework of JDF Start and stop JXTA (net peergroup as well as custom groups as in JuxMem) Store the results in a property file Retrieve log files generated on each node Library used: Log4j Files starting with log. Retrieve result files on each node The specified analyze class is called Display results

18. 18 Experimenting with various volatility conditions Goals Provide multiple failure conditions Experiment various failure detection techniques Experiment various replication strategies Identify class of application and system states Adapt fault tolerance mechanisms

19. 19 Providing multiple failure conditions Go large scale Control faults upon thousands of nodes Precision Possibility to kill a node at a given time/state Some nodes may be “fail-safe” Easy to use Changing the failure model should not affect the code being tested

20. 20 Failure injection: going large scale Using statistical distributions Advantages Ease of use : permit to generate multiple failure dates automatically Suitable large scale Which statistical distributions ? Exponential (to model life expectancy) Uniform (to choose between numerous nodes)

21. 21 Failure injection: precision Why ? Play the role of the enemy Kill a node that handles a lock Kill multiple nodes during some data replication Model reality Some nodes may be almost “fail-safe” A particular node may have a very high MTBF How ? Combine statistical flows and a more precise configuration file

22. 22 Failure injection in JDF: design Add a unique configuration file Generated by a set of tools Using “The Probability/Statistics Object Library” (http://www.math.uah.edu/psol) Deployed on each node by JDF Launch a new Java thread Reads the configuration file Sleeps for a while Kills its node at a given time

23. 23 Failure injection: execution flow Main flow (test class) New Killer().start() Thread Killer Configuration file (fi.properties) Result file (fi.results) write read suicide kill

24. 24 Failure injection: sample experiment 64 peers running on 64 nodes Creating fi.properties for an initial MTBF of 1 minute Each node life time follows an exponential law with a rate of 1/64 With JDF it becomes easy to use java –cp.:PSOL.jar CreateFiProperties 60000 new fi.Killer.start(); // in the test class runAll.sh -cleanup –with-nfs -install -config -run -analyze -log paraci_01-64 test.xml

25. 25 Failure injection: sample experiment

26. 26 Failure injection: ongoing work Time deviation Initial time (t 0 ) Clocks drift Tools to precisely specify fi.properties Suicide interface (event handler) More flexibility

27. 27 Failure detection and replication strategies Running the same test multiple times Failure detection Change the failure detection techniques Tune the Δ (delay between heartbeats) Which Δ for which MTBF Replication strategies Adapt replication degree to “current” MTBF (level of risk) Experiment multiple replication strategies in various conditions (failures/detection)

28. 28 Fault tolerance in JuxMem road map Finalize failure injection tools Experiment Marin Bertier’s failure detectors with JXTA/JDF Integrate of the failure detectors in JuxMem Experiment with various replication strategies Automatic adaptation

29. 29 Ongoing work Improving JDF There is a lot to do Enable concurrent tests via PBS Submitting issues to bugzilla Write more tests for JuxMem Measuring the cost of elementary operations in JuxMem Various consistency protocols at large-scale Benchmarking other elementary steps of JDF Launch peers Collect result and log files Use of emulation tools like Dummynet or NIST NET Visit of Fabio Picconi at IRISA

30. 30 Future work Hierarchical deployment Ka-run/Taktuk-like (ID IMAG) Distributed synchronization mechanism Support more complex tests Allow the use of JDF over Globus Support other protocols than SSH/RSH Especially when updating resources