1. Blood

2. Blood is a Connective Tissue

3. The Cells of Blood are Called “Formed Elements”
Agranulocytes
Monocytes Cells divide and differentiate
Lymphocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Acidophils Terminally differentiated
Basophils
Erythrocytes No organelles
Platelets Cell fragments

4. The Hematocrit.
Left: Tubes with blood before centrifugation. Right: After centrifugation. The erythrocytes represent 43% of the blood volume in the centrifuged tube. Between the sedimented erythrocytes and the supernatant light-colored plasma is a thin layer of leukocytes called the buffy coat.

5. The Erythrocyte or Red Blood Cell

6. Erythrocytes 99.5% of the formed elements of blood.
Biconcave disks 7.5u in diameter.
Lack cell nucleus, other organelles, RNA .
Have a specialized cell membrane
Have enzymes to produce ATP and NADPH
Circulate for 120 days.

7. The Leukocytes or white blood cells
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Acidophils
Basophils
Agranulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

8. Neutrophils 60% of leukocytes Multilobed nucleus
Very small specific granules
Phagocyte for bacteria

9. 3 Days
4 Days
6-7 Hours
1-4 Days
CONNECTIVE TISSUE

10. “Band Cell”

11. Acidophil = Eosinophil
~5% of Leukocytes
Bi-lobed nucleus
Large granules (~1um)
Functions in allergies and worm infections

12. Basophils < 1% of leukocytes Elongated S-shaped nuclei
Large heterogeneous,
basophilic granules
Secrete histamine and
heparin

13. Monocytes 5% of leukocytes Pale irregular nucleus
Largest of the leukocytes
Precursors to macrophages
Not phagocytic in blood

14. Main Functions of Macrophages
Ingest bacteria and cellular debris
Secrete various chemical messengers
Coordinate cell activities in
inflammation and wound healing
Remove aged red blood cells
5. Roles in antibody formation

15. Diversity of Macrophages

16. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System MPS
Includes monocytes and all cells that come from them.
Examples: histiocytes of C.T. Kupffer cells of liver
microglia of brain alveolar macrophages
Excludes unrelated phagocytic cells that do not come from monocytes.
Examples: neutrophils, Sertoli cells, mesangeal cells

17. Tweedledee told Alice in Alice in through the looking glass
Contrariwise if it was so it might be and if it were so it would be. But as it isn’t it ain’t. That’s logic.
….and that’s the reticuloendothelial system.

18. Lymphocytes Small Medium Large constitute about 30% of leukocytes.
have a small dense round nucleus and a small rim of cytoplasm.
can divide and differentiate.

19. Platelets

20. Platelet

21. Cytological Structures in Platelets
Structural components
microtubules, actin, myosin
Granules
alpha, delta, lambda
Membranes systems
plasmalema,
open canalicular system,
dense tubular system

22. Functions of Platelets
Primary aggregation
Secondary aggregation
Blood coagulation
Clot retraction
Clot removal

23. All Done