2.  Fats are also known as TRIGLYCERIDES or LIPIDS  Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen (have many hydrogens compared to oxygen)

3.  (STORAGE) twice as much energy than carbohydrates  insoluble in water  Soluble in alcohol  Can be solid (fat) or liquid at room temperature (liquid)

4.  Store of energy  Insulation  Protecting Organs  Buoyancy  Found in cell membranes

5. GLYCEROL FATTY ACID GLYCEROL + 3 FATTY ACIDS  TRIGLYCERIDE + 3 WATER

6. The three fatty acids are joined to glycerol by condensation reactions

7.  R-COOH COOH = carboxylic acid R = hydrocarbon chain  Saturated Fatty Acids  Unsaturated Fatty acids

10. Lipids can be hydrolysed into fatty acids and glycerol by:  heating with acid or alkali.  using the enzyme lipase at an optimum temperature and pH.

11. This involves:  The sample is placed into a test tube with 2cm3 of ethanol;  shake the mixture so that the fat dissolves;  add this to water in another test tube and mix the contents;  a white or cloudy emulsion of fat droplets indicates lipid is present.

12. GLYCEROL + 2 FA’s + Phosphate  Phospholipid + 3 Water

17.  1. Name two functions of lipids.  2. What does a triglyceride consist of?  3. Draw glycerol.  4. What does the R group on the fatty acid represent?  5. What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

18.  6. What components make up a phospholipid?  7. What term is used to describe the phosphate head and its “relationship” with water?  8. Where are phospholipids mainly found?  9. How do we test for the presence of lipids?