1. EAS Search and Rescue Overview
International standards, protocols and mechanisms
Mr Nigel Clifford General Manager Safety & Response Maritime New Zealand
Ms Christine MacMillian Manager, Search & Rescue Australian Maritime Safety Authority

2. Search & Rescue Genesis - Maritime
Maritime SAR – driven by international events and domestic responses to ship wrecks over generations
Maritime tradition, customary law and agreements
1948 Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation
Became the International maritime Organisation in 1982
Grown to cover most matters related to shipping
1970’s Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR Convention)

3. Search & Rescue Genesis - Aeronautical
Impact of World War II
Freight and Passenger air travel explosion
Recognition of need to support air transport and passenger safety for the post war world
International Civil Aviation Organisation established 1947 under the 1944 Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention)

4. ICAO/IMO SAR Evolution
Parallel, but co-ordinated evolution through:
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
Both coordinate, on global basis, member States’ efforts to provide SAR services.
ICAO / IMO goal – ensure SAR services available wherever people fly or sail worldwide.

5. Annex 12 Search and Rescue & SAR Convention
Applicable to the establishment, maintenance and operation of SAR services in the territories of Contracting States and over the high seas, and to the coordination of such services between States.”
SAR Convention
‘Search and Rescue Service’ - “the performance of distress monitoring, communication, coordination and search and rescue functions……within search and rescue regions ……cooperation between nations

6. ICAO SAR ANNEX 12 and IMO SAR Convention
Administrative structure
ICAO RANP’s and IMO Global SAR Plans
Regional SAR Plans (where applicable)
National SAR Plan
Implementing Guidance
ICAO-IMO SAR Manuals
Regional SAR Manuals
National SAR Manuals
RCC Plans of Operations
Global SAR plans
IMO's SAR Plan and ICAO's Regional Air Navigation Plans (RANPs).
Form basis for implementing national and regional (bilateral or multilateral) plans, manuals, agreements and related SAR documents.
IMO Global SAR Plan and applicable ICAO RANP would be followed by a regional SAR plan where a regional SAR system exists.
National SAR plans

7. International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual
Joint ICAO / IMO publication
Primary purpose
To assist States meet SAR needs and obligations per the SAR Conventions.
Guidelines - common aviation and maritime approach to SAR as part of Global SAR system.
New edition 1 June 2013

8. ICAO/IMO Joint Working Group on Harmonization of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (JWG)
Established 1993 to develop recommendations and information to support IMO and/or ICAO on any matters pertinent to harmonization of international maritime and aeronautical SAR.
Members expected to serve as individual SAR experts rather than State representatives.
No power to make recommendations to States or any organization other than IMO and ICAO.
IAMSAR Manual - JWG recommends content and amendments.

11. Air Traffic Growth - Global
Source ICAO:
In 2012:
2.9 billion people used scheduled air transport
5.4 trillion passenger-kilometres performed (PKPs), up 4.9% from 2011
Forecast:
Over 6 billion people by 2030
Number of flights should double from 30 million to 60 million per year

12. Air Traffic Growth – Asia/Pacific Region
Source ICAO, 2013:
In terms of PKPs, the Asia/Pacific Region is the world’s largest scheduled air passenger market with 30% of world traffic.
Forecast to Asia/Pacific Region will remain the largest market.
Source Boeing, Feb 2014:
Airlines in the Asia/Pacific will take 36% of all commercial aircraft manufactured over the next 20 years.
Nearly half of world air traffic growth will be driven by the Asia/Pacific region.
Asia/Pacific Region’s airlines will nearly triple their fleet sizes to 14,750 jets by 2032 from 5,090 jets in 2012.

13. 2010
2002
2013

14. 2010
2002
2013

16. Search & Rescue – Mass Casualty Guidance
COMSAR/Circ.31 6 February GUIDANCE FOR MASS RESCUE OPERATIONS
prepared by the Joint ICAO/IMO Working Group on Harmonization of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue at its ninth session (2002), to:
“assist Member Governments in preparing for, and co-ordinating aspects of, major incidents involving rescue of large numbers of persons in distress from ships or downed aircraft; and in working with companies that operate large passenger ships and aircraft to ensure that they are prepared to effectively support such rescue efforts.”
US Coastguard – ‘Black Swan’ Exercise series
International Maritime Rescue Federation

17. Search & Rescue - Characteristics
Best endeavours commitment – Rescue Coordination Centre concept
Primacy within own Search and Rescue Region (SRR)
Recover persons in distress and transport to a ‘place of safety’
Co-operative across SRR boundaries
Apolitical
Coordination and Communication not ‘Control’
Civil/military mix, some Joint RCC’s, some environment specific
Vast majority of operations, small-scale, short-duration, simple, single SRR

18. International SAR in Context
SAR is focused on the rescue and recovery of persons in distress
SAR mandates, authority, capabilities and training align to this focus
Recent aviation tragedies - SAR component reduces and stops
Natural disasters have a SAR component but much else besides
Mass rescue for SAR a major challenge – resources, currency, skills
Most likely mass rescue scenario – large passenger vessel
Nations’ approach to SAR varies but international frameworks are clear
The frameworks support, encourage and guide SAR coordination and communication – this is the approach to build on

19. Questions?