2. Phoenician alphabet: http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~rfradkin/alphapage.html

3. Intro to Egypt The Nile is the world’s largest river—4,000 miles long! Flows from its sources in central Africa to the Mediterranean. The Nile has two sources: The Blue Nile starts in Ethiopia’s highlands The White Nile starts in central Africa’s swamps They meet in Khartoum, present- day Sudan

4. Land of the Nile The Nile runs South to North Upper Egypt is Southern Egypt; Lower Egypt in Northern Egypt Semi-nomadic people have lived in Egypt since 5000 BCE

5. Upper Egypt Around 3200 BCE, Upper and Lower Egypt were separate. Upper Egypt is a narrow strip— average of 6 miles Upper Egypt was ruled by thirteen kings Many were named after animals They were believed to be personification of their gods Leaders wore the white crown of Upper Egypt

6. Lower Egypt Lower Egypt is mostly marshland— near the sea In Lower Egypt the regions were ruled by leading families. Hierarchy was not as strict. Legend says seven kings ruled the area. All pottery is from Upper Egypt.

8. Class Assignment With your shoulder partner examine the art work I am about to give you. Part 1: Describe at least 8 things you see on each side. Part 2: What do you think these things mean? Part 3: What do you think is the overall message of this piece of art?

9. AB

10. Possible Reading

12. Egyptian Timeline 31 Dynasties

13. Crazy Fact Cleopatra lived closer in time to the Moon landing than to the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza

14. Crazy Fact Cleopatra lived closer in time to the Moon landing than to the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza Egypt's last pharaoh lived from 69 BC to 30 BC. Her life began a full 2491 years after the Great Pyramid was completed around 2560 BC. However, the first lunar landing in 1969 AD took place less than 2,000 years after her death in 30 BC!