1. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Overview of the Nusach for the whole year [UK edition] Dr Annette M. Boeckler Based on a previous version “Overzicht van alle noesach variaties” developed by me for Het Levisson Instituut with Rabbijn David Lilienthal and Prof. Dr. Eli Schleifer 2014 1 Sacred Jewish Music Course UK Version: April 2, 2014 Please click the left button of YOUR MOUSE to start the slide show. [or press the enter key.] http://www.annette-boeckler.de/liturgie/liturgie.html

2. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Important Notes on usage This overview is made for the Anglo-Jewish tradition and reflects its customs and traditions. (It can therefore not simply be adapted to any other country’s traditions.) It reflects the customs of the Askenazi tradition. (The Spanish and Portuguese tradition is based on different principles, not this nusach system.) A specific of Anglo-Jewry is a mixture of Eastern and Western European liturgical traditions. Our leyning follows a Western European tradition; the davvening follows the Eastern European cantorial tradition (as does the majority of congregations in the USA and Israel). By clicking on the left mouse button or by pressing the enter key you can move to the next information. If you want to go back, press the return key on your keyboard. For each page there is a print version at the very back of this slide show. You can also open the print-version of a certain slide by clicking on “print” at the top of the slide. By clicking on “HOME” at the top right corner of each slide you open the content page. From here you can directly go to a certain service-overview. Just click on what you want. If you click on “colour overview” on the right bottom of each slide, you see the meaning of each colour used in this show. 2 Here will be the print button of the slides.

3. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview colours used BASIC MODES (or “steygers”)Congregational MELODIES Ahawa Rabba Nusach Magein Avot NusachNot Nusach Motives, but melodies in Minor Adonai Malach Nusach Not Nusach Motives, but melodies in Major COMPOSED MODES Yishtabach Mode Psalm Modes (a family of modes that include Hallel, Amidah for Festivals and High Holidays, Kerovah mode, Selichah mode containing time bound motives) Several High Holiday Motives (it’s too complicated to differentiate in this basic overview, there are different nuschaot in Shacharit, special ones for Selichot and Vidui, etc.) Shlosh Regalim Nusach (a very special version of the Psalm mode) Shabbat Mincha Nusach Weekday Nusach (Pentatonic) TUNES Mi Sinai Tunes (medieval compositions strongly attached to certain times and festivals, known all over Ashkenaz) Minhag HaMakom Tunes (only fixed in a special congregation or country, are as holy as Mi Sinai) Compositions (that means composed tunes which don’t care about any nusach) OTHER read or in silence marks the special parts for the special event, after mouse click or “enter”key 3

4. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview content Click on the topic you want and you’ll be lead to the slide. Erev Shabbat Shacharit Shabbat Shabbat Mincha Weekday evening Weekday morning Print Versions Other service overviews in preparation. At the moment they only exist in Dutch, for download on http://www.annette-boeckler.de/liturgie/liturgie.htmlhttp://www.annette-boeckler.de/liturgie/liturgie.html 4 By clicking on “home”, you always get back to this page. 1.4 Overview of the Nusach of the whole year (Western European Tradition) MS PowerPoint is needed to open this file

5. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Erev Shabbat IF it’s a Festival evening, go to Erev 3Regalim / Rosh haShana / Kol NidreErev 3Regalim Rosh haShana Kol Nidre [if Candle lighting is done in shul: don’t use a Chanukka tune if it’s not Chanukka, but a tune leading to Kabbalat Shabbat] Ma Tovu and/or songscompositions (free style) KABBALAT SHABBAT Psalms 95-99, 29Kabbalat Shabbat (Adonai Malach Nusach) Lecha Dodi composition(s) (if Nusach, mostly Adonai Malach) Ps 92-93 (= liturgical beginning of shabbat) Magein Avot [=Eastern tradition ] [ but Adonai Malach in Belsize Square Synagogue = Western tradition ) MA’ARIV LE-SHABBAT BARCHU and Shema and itsspecial Shabbat nusach with identifying motives Blessings VeShamruoften composition (Shabbat motives) Chatzi Kaddishspecial Shabbat nusach with its identifying motives Silent Amida Me’en Sheva (Magein Avot)Shabbat Evening Nusach (Magein Avot Nusach) Kaddish TitkabbalAdonai Malach Nusach KiddushAdonai Malach Nusach AleinuAdonai Malach Nusach or composition Mourner’s Kaddishread Adon Olam or Yigdalcomposition 5 Note: During the 3 weeks before 9Av and in some traditions during the weeks of Sefirat haOmer it is traditional to use a melody in minor for Lecha Dodi. Everything is completely different from a Weekday Evening ServiceWeekday Evening Service print

6. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Birchot haShacharspecial Shabbat Psalm mode in Major Pesuke deZimraspecial Shabbat Psalm mode in Major (similar to Birchot haShachar) may contain some compositions for some parts, pay attention that they are fitting tunes in Major. Nishmat (nusach changes already here preparing congregation for Barchu and Shema) till beginning of Yotzer Or Yishtabach Mode [= THE festival/shabbat sound] [leaders sometimes change for SHOCHEN AD as this is the beginning of the main cantorial role] End of Yotzer Or (after El Adon), Ahava Rabba Ahava Rabba Mode (Shabbat Morning style) ShmaAhavah Rabba ( only in Belsize Square, Liberal congregations and some Reform congregations: melody in Major = Western ), torah trope (Western trad.) Ge’ula Ahavah Rabbah (Shabbat Morning style) Personal/Silent Amida Most Liberal and Reform Congregations say the Amidah loud together (then all read or all chant or a mixture of both.) Loud Amida if chanted: Beginning till Yimloch Adonai: Adonai Malach LeDor vaDor till end: Ahavah Rabbah [if Rosh Chodesh or Festival: Half Hallel or Hallel, if it is Sukkot use Lulav in Hallel; some congregations do Hakkafot with Lulav here.] Kaddish Titkabbalin Major, leading to Torah Service [if this is a Shabbat during Pesach or Sukkot: read Shir haShirim/Kohelet here/ if 1 st day of Pesach/Sukkot falls on Shabbat, chant Shir haShirim/Kohelet on the last day of Pesach / on Shemini Azeret.] Shabbat Morning Service (Birchot haShachar – End of Amida) 6 Everything completely different from Weekday Morning ServiceWeekday Morning Service For Shabbat Chol HaMoed see special slide.special slide print It is a Liberal custom (since 19 th cent.) to stand for the first section of the Shema as a witness and as in the Amidah.

7. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Ein KamochaAdonai Malach Nusach or composition Av haRachamimMinor or composition Vayehi binsoaMajor or composition Shema / echad / gadluMajor or composition Lecha AdonaiMajor or composition Bracha before the readingin Weekday [study] Minor Bar/Bat Mitzvah in UK: Major from Portuguese tradition) Calls (ya’amod / ta’amod), misheberachs 306-322should be in Major, but usually is in Minor Bracha after the readingMajor (anticipates call for next one) [ Chatzi Kaddish before Maftir: study mode (or Ahavah Rabbah) not in Liberal/Reform] (various traditions here! Often Friday evening is used) Vezot hatorahmelody in Major Bracha before Haftarain Haftara trop (or read if Haftarah is read) Bracha after Haftaraspecial melody [ Misheberach for congregation Minor not done in Liberal ] [ AshreMajornot done in Liberal and Reform ] Yehallelu and Hodo al eretzMajor Psalm 29Major / or composition Uvnucho yomarMajor ; mumbled silently / composition (BSS, Liberal, Reform) Shabbat Morning Service 2 (Tora Reading Shabbat Morning) 7 If last Shabbat in the month: p. 336 Mevarchin haChodesch, use typical melody of an event in the next month for Yechadshehu in the last passage. Note: on special Shabbatot (Shabbat Shekalim, Zachor, Para, and Hachodesh there are special Maftir and Haftara readings, special Haftara readings are on Shabbat HaGadol, Shabbat and Rosh Chodesh and the Shabbat immediately before Rosh Chodesh, the 3 Shabbatot before 9Av and the 7 Shabbatot after 9Av. Different Readings are on Shabbat Chanukka. Klick here to hear on websiteprint

8. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview MATERIALS: Mi shebeirach for Olim and Chatzi Kaddish before Maftir 8 MI SHEBEIRACH in major CHATZI KADDISH BEFORE MAFTIR in Ahavah Rabbah Samples taken from: Andrew Bernard, The Sound of Sacred Time, Charlotte, NC: Andrew Bernard, 2005, p. 118) NOTE: Both are usually not done in Liberal congregations, seldom in Reform congregations, because Mi Shebeirach interrupts the listening to the torah and Maftir is linked to mussaf which is linked to the tradition of sacrifices, whose mentioning was abolished by Classical Reform.

9. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview MATERIALS: Mevarchim hachodesh (Rosh Chodesh Bentshing / Birkat haChodesh) Note: this is NOT done ON Rosh Chodesh itself! but on the SHABBAT BEFORE ROSH CHODESH after the prayers for the government, Israel and congregation. 1 st passage: Yehi ratzon milfanechaMinor with modulation into Ahavah Rabba Mode 2 nd passage: Mi she’asah nisimAdonai Malach Mode 3 rd passage: anouncementSaid Congregation repeats [one could play with motives here, for example include melodies, nusach or trop typical for the festival in that month.) 4 th passage: Yechad’sheihuIN LEITMELODY OF FESTIVAL in the new month or in Adonai Malach Mode 9 My suggestions for tunes for the month to chant Yechad’sheihu (usually the congregation recognizes the tune quickly and joins in.) NissanMelody of Adir Hu (= Leitmotiv for Pessach) IyarMelody of Israel National Anthem SivanMelody of Akdamut (= Leitmotiv for Shavuot) TammuzEkha Trop or Adonai Malach Mode AvMelody of eli tzion (piyyut for Tisha beAv) EllulSelicha Mode TishriHigh Holiday Mi Sinai tune of Evening Service Cheshvan-- no festival in this month, use Adonai Malach Mode or just read KislevMelody of Maoz Tzur TevetEkha Trop or Adonai Malach Mode ShevatMelody of a known Tu BiShevat Song (TubiShevat higia….) AdarMelody of a known Purim Song (Ani Purim….) print

10. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Shabbat Morning Service 3 ([Mussaf] and end) Chatzi KaddishAdonai Malach Beginning of Mussaf Amida till yimloch adonai Adonai Malach leDor vaDor till end of AmidaAhavah Rabba (same as in Shacharit, but of course with different text) Kaddish TitkabbalMajor AleinuAdonai Malach Nusach or composition Mourner’s Kaddishread Final songcomposition 10 If you don’t have Mussaf, skip this and continue with Aleinu. print

11. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Ashre (Psalm 145)Magein Avot Chatzi KaddishMagein Avot with Mincha Leitmotiv short Torah-Reading (as on weekday)melodies as on Shabbat or with Mincha Leitmotiv Chatzi KaddishMagein Avot (study mode) Amida beginning till yimlochas on Weekdays (pentatonic) leDor vaDor till endShabbat Mincha mode Kaddish titkabbalMajor (if not special occasion) AleinuAdonai Malach Nusach or composition Mourner’s Kaddishread final song Shabbat Mincha 11 print Note: torah reading is before the Amida in Mincha services.

12. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview For Printing 12

13. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Erev Shabbat [if Candle lighting is done in shul: don’t use a Chanukka tune if it’s not Chanukka, but a tune leading to Kabbalat Shabbat] Ma Tovu and/or songscompositions (free style) KABBALAT SHABBAT Psalms 95-99, 29Kabbalat Shabbat (Adonai Malach Nusach) Lecha Dodi composition(s) (if Nusach, mostly Adonai Malach) Ps 92-93 (= liturgical beginning of shabbat) Magein Avot [=Eastern tradition ] [ but Adonai Malach in Belsize Square Synagogue = Western tradition ) MA’ARIV LE-SHABBAT BARCHU and Shema and itsspecial Shabbat nusach with identifying motives Blessings VeShamruoften composition (Shabbat motives) Chatzi Kaddishspecial Shabbat nusach with its identifying motives Silent Amida Me’en Sheva (Magein Avot)Shabbat Evening Nusach (Magein Avot Nusach) Kaddish TitkabbalAdonai Malach Nusach KiddushAdonai Malach Nusach AleinuAdonai Malach Nusach or composition Mourner’s Kaddishread Adon Olam or Yigdalcomposition 13 Note: During the 3 weeks before 9Av and in some traditions during the weeks of Sefirat haOmer it is traditional to use a melody in minor for Lecha Dodi.

14. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Birchot haShacharspecial Shabbat Psalm mode in Major Pesuke deZimraspecial Shabbat Psalm mode in Major (similar to Birchot haShachar) may contain some compositions for some parts, pay attention that they are fitting tunes in Major. Nishmat (nusach changes already here preparing congregation for Barchu and Shema) till beginning of Yotzer Or Yishtabach Mode [= THE festival/shabbat sound] [leaders sometimes change for SHOCHEN AD as this is the beginning of the main cantorial role] End of Yotzer Or (after El Adon), Ahava Rabba Ahava Rabba Mode (Shabbat Morning style) ShmaAhavah Rabba ( only in Belsize Square, Liberal congregations and some Reform congregations: melody in Major = Western ), torah trope (Western trad.) Ge’ula Ahavah Rabbah (Shabbat Morning style) Personal/Silent Amida Most Liberal and Reform Congregations say the Amidah loud together (then all read or all chant or a mixture of both.) Loud Amida if chanted: Beginning till Yimloch Adonai: Adonai Malach LeDor vaDor till end: Ahavah Rabbah [if Rosh Chodesh or Festival: Half Hallel or Hallel, if it is Sukkot use Lulav in Hallel; some congregations do Hakkafot with Lulav here.] Kaddish Titkabbalin Major, leading to Torah Service [if this is a Shabbat during Pesach or Sukkot: read Shir haShirim/Kohelet here/ if 1 st day of Pesach/Sukkot falls on Shabbat, chant Shir haShirim/Kohelet on the last day of Pesach / on Shemini Azeret.] Shabbat Morning Service (Birchot haShachar – End of Amida) 14 For Shabbat Chol HaMoed see special slide.special slide It is a Liberal custom (since 19 th cent.) to stand for the first section of the Shema as a witness and as in the Amidah.

15. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Ein KamochaAdonai Malach Nusach or composition Av haRachamimMinor or composition Vayehi binsoaMajor or composition Shema / echad / gadluMajor or composition Lecha AdonaiMajor or composition Bracha before the readingin Weekday [study] Minor Bar/Bat Mitzvah in UK: Major from Portuguese tradition) Calls (ya’amod / ta’amod), misheberachs 306-322should be in Major, but usually is in Minor Bracha after the readingMajor (anticipates call for next one) [ Chatzi Kaddish before Maftir: study mode (or Ahavah Rabbah) not in Liberal/Reform] (various traditions here! Often Friday evening is used) Vezot hatorahmelody in Major Bracha before Haftarain Haftara trop (or read if Haftarah is read) Bracha after Haftaraspecial melody [ Misheberach for congregation Minor not done in Liberal ] last shabbat in month: Blessing for new month [ AshreMajornot done in Liberal and Reform ] Yehallelu and Hodo al eretzMajor Psalm 29Major / or composition Uvnucho yomarMajor ; mumbled silently / composition (BSS, Liberal, Reform) Shabbat Morning Service 2 (Tora Reading Shabbat Morning) 15 Klick here to hear on websiteprint

16. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview MATERIALS: Mi shebeirach for Olim and Chatzi Kaddish before Maftir 16 MI SHEBEIRACH in major CHATZI KADDISH BEFORE MAFTIR in Ahavah Rabbah Samples taken from: Andrew Bernard, The Sound of Sacred Time, Charlotte, NC: Andrew Bernard, 2005, p. 118) NOTE: Both are usually not done in Liberal congregations, seldom in Reform congregations, because Mi Shebeirach interrupts the listening to the torah and Maftir is linked to mussaf which is linked to the tradition of sacrifices, whose mentioning was abolished by Classical Reform.

17. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview MATERIALS: Mevarchim hachodesh (Rosh Chodesh Bentshing / Birkat haChodesh) Note: this is NOT done ON Rosh Chodesh itself! but on the SHABBAT BEFORE ROSH CHODESH after the prayers for the government, Israel and congregation. 1 st passage: Yehi ratzon milfanechaMinor with modulation into Ahavah Rabba Mode 2 nd passage: Mi she’asah nisimAdonai Malach Mode 3 rd passage: anouncementSaid Congregation repeats [one could play with motives here, for example include melodies, nusach or trop typical for the festival in that month.) 4 th passage: Yechad’sheihuIN LEITMELODY OF FESTIVAL in the new month or in Adonai Malach Mode 17 Suggestions for tunes for the month to chant Yechad’sheihu: Nissan: Melody of Adir Hu (= Leitmotiv for Pessach); Iyar: Melody of Israel National Anthem; Sivan: Melody of Akdamut (= Leitmotiv for Shavuot); Tammuz: Ekha Trop or Adonai Malach Mode; Av: Melody of eli tzion (piyyut for Tisha beAv); Ellul: Selicha Mode; Tishri: High Holiday Mi Sinai tune of Evening Service ; Cheshvan: -- no festival in this month, use Adonai Malach Mode or just read ; Kislev: Melody of Maoz Tzur; Tevet: Ekha Trop or Adonai Malach Mode ; Shevat: Melody of a known Tu BiShevat Song (TubiShevat higia….); Adar: Melody of a known Purim Song (Ani Purim….)

18. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Shabbat Morning Service 3 ([Mussaf] and end) Chatzi KaddishAdonai Malach Beginning of Mussaf Amida till yimloch adonai Adonai Malach leDor vaDor till end of AmidaAhavah Rabba (same as in Shacharit, but of course with different text) Kaddish TitkabbalMajor AleinuAdonai Malach Nusach or composition Mourner’s Kaddishread Final songcomposition 18 If you don’t have Mussaf, skip this and continue with Aleinu. print

19. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Ashre (Psalm 145)Magein Avot Chatzi KaddishMagein Avot with Mincha Leitmotiv short Torah-Reading (as on weekday)melodies as on Shabbat or with Mincha Leitmotiv Chatzi KaddishMagein Avot (study mode) Amida beginning till yimlochas on Weekdays (pentatonic) leDor vaDor till endShabbat Mincha mode Kaddish titkabbalMajor (if not special occasion) AleinuAdonai Malach Nusach or composition Mourner’s Kaddishread final song Shabbat Mincha 19 print Note: torah reading is before the Amida in Mincha services.

20. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview The Weekday Morning Service Ma Tovu/ Yigdal/ Adon Olam/ Shachar avakeshcha composition Birchot haShacharMagein Avot Study mode (as Brachot before Pesuke deZimraMagein Avot Study mode Torahreading) End of Pesuke deZimra: Yishtabach Ahavah Rabba mode, but much simpler than Shab. Chazi KaddishAhavah Rabba mode, but much simpler than Shab. BarchuAhavah Rabba mode, but much simpler than Shab. YotzerAhavah Rabba mode, but much simpler than Shab. Ahava RabbahAhavah Rabba mode, but much simpler than Shab. ShemaAhavah Rabba or Major (=“liberale” tradition) and Torah Trop. Adonai elohechemAhavah Rabba mode, but much simpler than Shab. GeulaAhavah Rabba mode, but much simpler than Shab. Weekday Amida Amida is repeated by ChazzanWeekday Nusach (pentatonic) On Chanukka, Purim, Yom HaAtzmaut don’t fcorget to insert Al hanissim into the Amida (p. 86-88-90). On Rosh Chodesh don’t forget to insert Ya’ale veyavo (p.84) 20 → On Monday and Thursday and on Rosh Chodesh: Short Torah Reading [same Nusach as on Shabbat]. → On Rosh Chodesh / Chanukka: [Half] Hallel (half = RCh, full = Chanukka.) Kaddish TitkabbalMagein Avot Study mode AleinuAdonai Malach Nusach or composition Mourner’s KaddishRead → On Purim and Tisha beAv: Megillat Esther/Echa

21. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview The Sound of the Morning Service on a Weekday on Shabbat Birchot haShacharWeekday Minor / Study ModeMajor (special motives) / Psalm Mode Pesuke deZimraWeekday Minor / Study ModeMajor (special motives) / Psalm Mode Yishtabach Weekday Ahavah RabbahYishtabach Mode an elaborate festive version of the Shabbat mode “Magen Avot”. The change into this mode starts already with Nishmat kol chai – the specific shabbat ending of Pesuke deZimra. Chazi Kaddish Weekday Ahavah Rabbah Yishtabach Mode Barchu Weekday Ahavah Rabbah Yishtabach Mode Yotzer Weekday Ahavah Rabbah Yishtabach Mode but after the piyyut el adon change into Ahavah Rabba where the first time “shabbat” is praised. (Some cantors only change at the words “kulam ahuvim”) Ahava Rabbah Weekday Ahavah RabbahShabbat Ahavah Rabbah (elaborate!) ShemaMajor [German] / Weekday Ahavah Rabbah Shabbat Ahavah Rabbah Adonai elohechem Weekday Ahavah Rabbah Shabbat Ahavah Rabbah Geula Weekday Ahavah Rabbah Shabbat Ahavah Rabbah AmidahWeekday Nusach (pentatonic)1-3 Adonai Malach [change in Kedusha] 4-7 Kedushat haYom till end: Ahavah Rabbah 21 Torah Service (sounds the same Weekday and Shabbat but note that Shabbat has a DIFFERENT TEXT !) Frame all in Adonai Malach / Brachot for Aliyot: Eastern Trad: Study Mode [Minor] Western Trad.: Major (in UK often used by Bar/Bat Mitzvahs) Kaddish TitkabbalStudy Mode AleinuAdonai Malach or composition Mourner’s KaddishRead

22. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview The Weekday Morning Service Main differences to a Shabbat Morning Service:  is generally much simpler and quicker (people need to go to work). Even if it contains hallel on Rosh Chodesh, this hallel is usually done in the psalm mode for hallel, not with much congregational singing. But this depends on the group and there is freedom in adding songs and texts if all agree and each minyan develops its style.  The Weekday Service has NO “Yishtabach” mode. [Yishtabach mode is the typical feature for Festivals incl. Shabbat. Yishtabach Mode is an elaborate variant of Magen Avot mode (used for example for Ma’ariv Shabbat and Kiddush Shabbat) with elaborate modulations into major – very festive! Nothing to mark an odd normal weekday. On Weekdays the nusach changes with Yishtabach, too – the blessing after Pesuke deZimra leads over to the next part - but into Weekday Ahavah Rabbah mode [something related to how the last passages of the Amidah are chanted on Shabbat or how El Male Rachamim is done, and others – but, as it is weekday, it is kept very simple.] This mode it kept until the end of the shema section, that is until the Amidah starts. So Yishtabach is on weekdays chanted in a simple Ahavah Rabbah Mode!  The Weekday Service has NO Adonai Malach Mode for the first three sections of the Amidah. This very majestic major mode is reserved for Shabbat and Festivals. On weekdays there also is no nussach change, the whole weekday Amidah (1-19) is chanted in a very specific mode for the Amidah, a nusach based on a pentatonic scale.There is a composed kedushah that was introduced in the cantorial school at HUC – this is indeed based on the Weekday Amidah Mode, although very elaborate but uses the scale of the mode.  Different start. This is usually not a problem as many people use the Weekday birkhat haShachar on Shabbat! But Shabbat has its very own nusach for Birchot haShachar and Psuke deZimra – but as this is usually done by lay shlichey tzibbur, they usually do on shabbat what they know from Weekdays, pity... (on shabbat it’s all in major, not in minor as on weekdays.) 22

23. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview The Weekday Morning Service Main differences between Liberal, Reform, Masorti, Traditional in the UK 23 Character of service Progressive services tend to contain more songs than traditional services. In a Progressive service you may encounter prayer that are not chanted but read, a custom that started already in the 19 th cent. The likelihood that a modern meditation is inserted into the service is more likely in the progressive service; traditional services may have short study units at the end; masorti services sometimes use a prayerbook that offers a variety of mediations for free choice by the person praying for him/herself. Traditional services are chanted. The Weekday tunes are very different from the shabbat tunes (nusach is the “sound of time”, thus each time has its sound.) A progressive service is clergy lead, the others join in with exactly the same words/tune/rhythm or listen. A traditional service is more congregational lead: everybody mumbles their prayers and the prayer leader tries to coordinate and synchronize where necessary. A traditional service lives form the togetherness of different voices. Progressive WEEKDAY services are seldom It is seldom that a liberal or progressive synagogue offers regular daily morning services Some liberal or reform synagogues offer during term times Weekday Services on Sunday mornings before or parallel to the start of the children’s cheder. Some Rabbinical Seminaries offer regular daily services.

24. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview The Weekday Morning Service Main differences between Liberal, Reform, Masorti, Traditional in the UK 24 Textual differences Traditional vs Progressive (SUMMARY)  The main differences are at the beginning and at the end. Inbetween note some textual variants, especially in the Yotzer (the progressive trad. has no Kedushah) and in the Weekday Amidah (especially the last passages).  Pesuke deZimra may be abridged in a masorti service. It is definitely abridged in a Reform service and there also contains alternative texts and very different in a Liberal Weekday service. Whereas Progressive services have a congregational start, traditional services have a relaxed beginning, as Birkhat haShakhar is people’s private preparation, everybody comes in at his/her time and prepares in his/her own time, until people spiritually unite for Barchu. Liberal and Reform services, however, usually start together with a commonly chanted “Mah Tovuh” – a tradition that started in 19 th century Germany (majestic choral intro piece while clergy enters the room). In a traditional service Mah Tovuh is never sung or even heard.  After the Amidah follows in a traditional service private meditative time (“Tachanun”), prayers about the fragility of live, our limitations and our hope. A traditional service concludes slowly... Ashrei... Uvah leTzion Goel (a third Kedushah corresponding to the Kedushah in the Yotzer, so that the congregational praise of God’s holiness is framed by two private ones) and several study texts (Aleinu and the psalm of the day) to give people the opportunity to say Kaddish. A Progressive Service concludes quickly: just Aleinu, Kaddish (usually said together and this is usually also the only Kaddish in the whole service). Progressive Services usually end similarly as they have started: with a jointly sung congregational hymn (very often Adon Olam, but many other modern songs can be chosen on weekdays as well.)

25. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview The Weekday Morning Service Main differences between Liberal, Reform, Masorti, Traditional in the UK 25 Differences in detail in the opening part Singer’s [Masorti customs]... [private, people are coming, donning tallit and tefillin, begin their prayer] leader usually starts to lead with morning blessings p. 16 ויהי רצון... יהי רצון מלפניך... לעולם לא על צדקותינו till first shema [private]. ]very short silence for private study[ p. 36 Ps 30 Mizmor shir chanukkat habayit Kaddish Yatom [if minyan] p. 40 BARUKH SHE-AMAR 1Chron 16:8-36 various psalm verses, mostly from psalm 95-99 Psalm 100 Daily Hallel (Ashre till Psalm 150) p. 54 Vayevarech David... (1 Chron 29:10- 13; Neh 9:6-11; Exod 14:30-15:19 (shirat haYam) p. 58 YISHTABACH Chazi Kaddish to prepare Barchu. Sed haTefillot [Reform] p. 32 congregational MAH TOVU [sometimes preceded by a niggun] “Entering Ourselves” containing a choice of the traditional texts as אשר יצר את אדם, אלהי נשמה, morning blessings, either שתרגילנו or שתצילנו, לא על צדק often read in English. Study passage “Preparing to encounter God” p. 39 BARUKH SHE-AMAR evtl. psalm, often congregationally sung Psalm 150 (Hallelu...) the siddur offers the trad. daily psalms, Ashrei, shirat haYam [without intro] and Vayevarech David after Ps 150 before p. 53 YISHTABACH the siddur prints Chazi Kaddish, but often omitted. Lev Chadash [Liberal] p. 29 congregational MAH TOVU while standing Modern meditation in English “Teach us to see each new day as a token of your love...” song: shachar avakeshcha passage from creation story for the day p. 36 BARUKH SHE-AMAR [abridged] one psalm for the day [new choices] p. 48 YISHTABACH [abridged]

26. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview The Weekday Morning Service Main differences between Liberal, Reform, Masorti, Traditional in the UK 26 Differences in texts There are variants between the movements, the most imporant differences is the version of the Yotzer (the 1st blessing before the Shema) and the versions of the Weekday Amidah. It is worth to compare these texts in detail to understand the differences. Singer’s [Masorti customs] Yotzer can be found on pages 62 – 67 in the green centenary edition. The Weekday Amidah עמידה can be found on pages 74-95. Sed haTefillot [Reform] Yotzer can be found on page 55 “The Creator of the Universe”. The Daily Amidah עמידה לימות החול can be found on pages 74-86. Lev Chadash [Liberal] Yotzer can be found on page 49 “We praise you...”. The Daily Prayer תפלה can be found on pages 52-61.

27. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview The Weekday Morning Service Main differences between Liberal, Reform, Masorti, Traditional in the UK 27 Differences in the concluding part Singer’s [Masorti customs] After the Amidah follow very personal prayers, said in silence, tachanun. It has become custom to sing “shomer Yisrael” p. 116, together with a composed tune. p. 132 ASHREI p. 134 Lamenatzeach mizmor leDavid (Ps 20) p. 136 Uvah LeTzion Goel... (= Kedushah deSitra) KADDISH TITKABBAL p. 140 Aleinu KADDISH YATOM psalm of the day KADDISH YATOM evtl. other psalm(s) or study KADDISH YATOM Reform p. 310 Aleinu (either new version with asher bachar anu... or the traditional text.) KADDISH YATOM often said together SONG Liberal p. 520 Aleinu (with asher sam chelkeinu leyached et shemo...) “Vorspruch” (meditation before Kaddish) KADDISH YATOM said together SONG Adom Olam or other FINAL BLESSING

28. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview The Weekday Morning Service Main differences between Liberal, Reform, Masorti, Traditional in the UK 28 Differences After Amidah and Weekday Torah Service Monday/Thursday Singer’s [Masorti customs] After the Amidah follow very personal prayers, said in silence, tachanun. It has become custom to sing “shomer Yisrael” p. 116, together with a composed tune. Then follows Ashrei, Uva Letzion,... or Monday and Thursday: torah reading with text of first Aliyah of shabbat with 3 Call ups: Kohen, Levi and one Israel. The leyning is done quickly. The framing is short and quick: just Vayehi bino’a and gadlu and procession at the beginning; hagbaah, yehallelu and Ladonai Haaretz (Ps 24) [quickly, no dramatic tune!] at the end. Reform --------------- After the Amidah – (which can be done with repetition or only the first three passages aloud or one loud Amidah altogether) follows immediately Aleinu or the torah service, p. 88-93. The text is identical with the traditional liturgy. Usually there is only one Aliyah. Usually Reform congregations do not have Kohen and Levi (but EDRS for eG has). The text can be chanted or read. Any passsage of the parashah can be chosen. Liberal -------------- After the Amidah – (which is done loud altogether, most of the texts read in English) follows immediately Aleinu. The Reading of the Torah on Weekdays (p. 490-496) begins with “Hakhel et ha-am” Assemble the people... (Deut 31:12f), followed by the congregational song “vehaer eneinu”, the Shema with echad, gadlu and procession. It concludes with yehallelu, Psalm 24 and “Vezot haberit” This is the covenant... (Jer 31:31f), ending with the congregational song “hashiveinu”. note the different text!

29. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Sjabbat Torah Reading (Tora Reading Shabbat Morning) Ein Kamochah Av haRachamim 96Vayehi binsoahMajor or composition Shema / echad / 96gadluMajor or composition 96Lecha AdonaiMajor or composition Brachah before the readingin Major (= Dutch tradition, inherited from portugese tradition) Calls (ya’amod / ta’amod), misheberachs 306-322 in Major Brachah after the readingMajor (anticipates call for next one) [if Chatzi Kaddish before Maftir: study mode or Ahavah Rabbah] Vezot hatorahmelody in Major Bracha before Haftarahin Haftara trop (or read if Haftarah is read) Bracha after Haftarahspecial melody Misheberach for congregation Ashre 100Yehallelu and Hodo al eretzMajor 100Psalm 29Major/composition 102uvnucho yomarcomposition 29 Not on weekdays Psalm 24 on weekdays on Monday/Thursday/ Rosh Chodesh Weekdays Not on weekdays ON WEEKDAYS ONLY 3 ALIYOT, ONLY SHORT TEXT IS READ (Traditionally the first Shabbat Aliya but split into 3 Aliyot, see the divisions in a Tikkun Kor’im.) ON ROSH CHODESH 4 Aliyot and special torah reading.

30. ©Annette M. Boeckler 2014 HOME Colour Overview Nusach in Colour dr Annette M. Boeckler with rabbijn David Lilienthal and prof. dr. Eli Schleifer 2009 30 Training of shelichay tzibbur 2007-2009 Final Version: 08/06/2009