1. E19.2174 Cognitive Science and Educational Technology I Jan L. Plass, Ruth Schwartz, & Hyuksoon Song, ECT

2. OverviewOverview Reducing Extraneous Processing Modality Principle Coherence Principle Contiguity Principle Signaling Principle

3. Interaction Design

4. Club Marian Maid Marian Maid Marian

5. Interaction Design

6. Class Activity Extraneous Processing (60 min.) Working in groups of 3-4, prepare a presentation of one of the extraneous load- reducing principles: Define the principle and list research supporting it, Describe the cognitive processes on which the principle is based (use CL Theory to describe how cognitive load is affected), Find an example of an application or violation of the principle, Prepare a materials in which you demonstrate either the application or violation of the principle in your own presentation. Groups 1–modality, 2–coherence, 3–contiguity, 4–signaling

7. Reducing Extraneous Processing Modality Principle

8. Reducing Extraneous Processing Modality Principle Definition For animations, narration is more effective than on-screen text IF it is essential for understanding Rationale: off-load information from visual to auditory channel Research Support Mayer & Moreno, 1998; Moreno & Mayer, 1999, Moreno, Mayer, Spires, & Lester, 2001; Brünken, Steinbacher, Plass, & Leutner, 2002; Brünken, Plass, & Leutner, 2004 (review: Low & Sweller, 2005) Example WISE-MD Modules for Surgery Education (NYU)– http://wise-md.med.nyu.edu/http://wise-md.med.nyu.edu

9. Reducing Extraneous Processing Modality Principle WISE-MD Modules for Surgery Education (NYU)– http://wise- md.med.nyu.edu/http://wise- md.med.nyu.edu

10. Reducing Extraneous Processing Coherence Principle

11. Reducing Extraneous Processing Coherence Principle Definition Exclude rather than include extraneous material in a multimedia presentation Research Support Mayer et al., 1996; Harp & Mayer, 1997, 1998; Moreno & Mayer, 2000, Mayer et al., 2001 (Review: Mayer, 2005) Example Virtual Knee Surgery Site– http://edheads.org/activities/knee/http://edheads.org/activities/knee/

12. Reducing Extraneous Processing Contiguity Principle

13. Reducing Extraneous Processing Contiguity Principle (spatial, temporal) Definition corresponding information should be presented near one another in time (temporal) and space (spatial contiguity) Research Support Mayer, 1989; Sweller et al., 1990; Chandler & Sweller, 1991; Mayer at al., 1995; Tindall-Ford et al., 1997; Moreno & Mayer, 1999 (Review: Mayer, 2005) Example How the heart works - NHLBI–http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.htmlhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html

14. Reducing Extraneous Processing Signaling Principle

15. Reducing Extraneous Processing Signaling Principle Definition Add cues to highlight the organization of the essential material Research Support Harp & Mayer, 1998; Mautone & Mayer, 2001; de Koning, Tabbers, Rikers, & Paas, 2007; Lowe, 2003 (Review: Mayer, 2005) Example BBC Science and Nature: Human Body & Mind–http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/

16. Reducing Extraneous Processing Signaling Principle BBC Science and Nature– http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/

17. Reducing Extraneous Processing Signaling Principle 3D Brain Anatomy (PBS)– http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/3d/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/3d/