2. The National Aids to Navigation Team presents GPS ROUTES

3. NAVISTAR GPS THE OFFICIAL NAME IS

4. NAVIgatonal System System using Timing Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System NAVISTAR GPS

5. GPS is a satellite navigation system developed by the US Dept. of Defense GPS is a satellite navigation system developed by the US Dept. of Defense(DOD)

6. GPS provides continuous, all-weather, three- dimensional positioning information (position, speed and time)

8. GPS is used by aviators, mariners, surveyors, off-roaders, truck operators, bikers, hikers, hunters & fisherman

9. 10-12 meters 5-10 meters 12-14 meters

10. GPSpositions are not error free!

12. CEP = Circular Error Probable SEP = Spherical Error Probable

13. With Without With Without Selective Availability 95 % of the time within 45 meters within 6.3 meters or 148 Feet or 21 Feet or 148 Feet or 21 Feet 24 hours 5/1/2000 5/2/2000

14. Datum is a chart coordinate reference system.

15. A datum is shown on every chart Your GPS receiver must be adjusted to the datum printed on the nautical chart that you are using.

16. Selecting the correct datum WGS-84 is the standard, NAD-27 is common.WGS-84 is the standard, NAD-27 is common. Becomes more important as local datum become increasingly offset from WGS-84.Becomes more important as local datum become increasingly offset from WGS-84. Shown on the General Information Blocks of most charts/maps.Shown on the General Information Blocks of most charts/maps.

17. WGS1984 Horizontal Datum

18. GPS Setups YouYou should have already selected and set up: –A –A true or magnetic direction, –Nautical –Nautical miles, –The –The 24 hour clock

19. GPS Receiver Display What is it telling you?

20. uProvide uProvide details of your GPS system’s status. uShows uShows the satellite positions and signal quality. Basic GPS Receiver Functions

21. GPS Satellite Status Bar graphs give an immediate indication of signal strength Fix Status/EPE Polar plot shows where satellites are located. Battery status graph Three Dimensional Navigation Capability

22. Always validate satellite performance before using your GPS set for navigation.

23. GPS Position Page Time Direction bar at top of screen. Course and Speed Mileage and Altitude Position This is not a compass reading! What problems can you detect from this screen?

24. Basic GPS Receiver Functions Continuously determines your position.Continuously determines your position. Displays the time.Displays the time. Shows a heading and SOG—speed over the ground--on the present leg.Shows a heading and SOG—speed over the ground--on the present leg. Show a BRG--bearing and a DTG-- distance to go—to the next selected waypoint.Show a BRG--bearing and a DTG-- distance to go—to the next selected waypoint.

25. Basic GPS Receiver Functions Shows the distance you are off track XTE - cross-track error.Shows the distance you are off track XTE - cross-track error. Shows TTG - time to go to waypoint. Uses SOG.Shows TTG - time to go to waypoint. Uses SOG. Estimates the time of arrival-- ETA--at waypoint. Uses SOG and DTG.Estimates the time of arrival-- ETA--at waypoint. Uses SOG and DTG.

26. Keyboard Orientation +/-Plus or Minus Key 0-9Numeric Keys A-ZAlphabetic Keys ENT Turns cursor on or off. Opens or confirms data entry. MENU Turns Menu Bar on or off. MOB Activate Man Overboard function. + Zoom In Smaller overview – more details. - Zoom Out – Larger overview – less details.

27. Keyboard Orientation O Cursor Key – multi-directional. GOTO Activates POP-UP window. Selects NAV MODE. Short cut to chart display. PLOT Selects PLOT MODE. WIN Toggles between selected windows. Returns system to manual operation. CLR Turns off Menu Bar. Turns off Cursor. Deletes data. PWR Turns unit on and off.

28. Hand-helds Ten Keys Seven Keys Trend is toward fewer keys.

29. 1. Learn how to input input waypoints. 2. Learn how to use use waypoints.

30. A waypoint (WPT or WP) is a designated location with geographiccoordinates.

31. You need to learn how to: Store present positions.Store present positions. Enter a position.Enter a position. Rename, edit, andRename, edit, and copy waypoints. Create and edit routes.Create and edit routes. Delete waypoints and routes.Delete waypoints and routes.

32. Entering Waypoints Enter in name/icon. Enter LAT/LON. Enter message (not recommended) Waypoint number. (Keep it simple) Menu of waypoint options at bottom. Bearing and Distance

33. A simple waypoint entry screen

34. Verifying your present position as a waypoint Use a simple numbering system.Use a simple numbering system. Do not place your position on top of the Aid. Risk of collision!Do not place your position on top of the Aid. Risk of collision! Validate every waypoint beforeValidate every waypoint before using it as a permanent waypoint in a route. WPT 1 WPT 2 WPT 3 WPT 4

35. Waypoints are used extensively in GPS navigation: As boundaries between voyage segments – LEGS.As boundaries between voyage segments – LEGS. To mark turning points, destinations, and aids to navigation.To mark turning points, destinations, and aids to navigation. To mark hazards to navigation.To mark hazards to navigation.

36. GPS receivers enable waypoints to be entered and stored in various ways.GPS receivers enable waypoints to be entered and stored in various ways. A sequence of waypoints can define a planned route.A sequence of waypoints can define a planned route. Most GPS receivers store routes as well as waypointsMost GPS receivers store routes as well as waypoints

37. Waypoints are often used to define route segments – legs. –Insert waypoints at all turn points on your courses. –Establish some voyage waypoints close to (but not at) aids to navigation

38. Always pre-plot all waypoints on a nautical chart and measure the distance and bearing between waypoints. Verify that the trip legs are planned in safe water.Verify that the trip legs are planned in safe water. Record the data on a Trip Log.Record the data on a Trip Log.

39. Waypoints do not have to be located in the water--e.g., locate a waypoint at a lighthouse to enable you to know where and when to look for itWaypoints do not have to be located in the water--e.g., locate a waypoint at a lighthouse to enable you to know where and when to look for it Waypoints can be used to mark hazards to navigation--areas to avoid as well as areas to visit safely.Waypoints can be used to mark hazards to navigation--areas to avoid as well as areas to visit safely.

40. Select waypoints that can be easily verified by other methods-- visual fixes, soundings, radar, etc. NEVER rely on one means of navigation.

41. It is important to check your chart before establishing WPTs.It is important to check your chart before establishing WPTs. If the course crosses an island, the GPS receiver will direct you to navigate into this hazard.If the course crosses an island, the GPS receiver will direct you to navigate into this hazard. WPT 02 WPT 01

42. Why create a route? Routes are lists of sequential waypoints.Routes are lists of sequential waypoints. GPS can automatically advance you to the next waypoint.GPS can automatically advance you to the next waypoint. Routes can be reversed to retrace your original track.Routes can be reversed to retrace your original track. Routes keep you from wandering into danger and shorten distance traveledRoutes keep you from wandering into danger and shorten distance traveled WP 1 WP 4 WP 2 WP 3

43. Editing Routes GPS receivers should allow you to delete, move, or append waypoints.GPS receivers should allow you to delete, move, or append waypoints. In this case:In this case: WPT 2 has been deleted. WPT 3 has been moved. WPT 4 has been appended. WPT 2 WPT 3 WPT 1 WP 4 WPT 2 WPT 3

44. GOTO Navigation Used by any boat in open water to navigate to a single waypoint.Used by any boat in open water to navigate to a single waypoint. Useful functions:Useful functions: –Range and Bearing –Speed of Approach –Turn

45. Range and Bearing The distance and direction to a waypoint.The distance and direction to a waypoint. Probably the most useful of all navigation functions.Probably the most useful of all navigation functions. Know your units: true vs. magnetic, statute vs. nauticalKnow your units: true vs. magnetic, statute vs. nautical 3.2 NM, 030°

46. Course To Steer Course To Steer gets you back to the course line at a 45° intercept to try to keep you out of troubleCourse To Steer gets you back to the course line at a 45° intercept to try to keep you out of trouble Bearing CTS Desired Course Line Third Reef

47. Used by boats under power when they have to stay in a channel or follow an exact course line Useful functions: –Cross Track Error (XTE) –Course To Steer (CRS) –Time To Go (TTG) –Automatic course change at next waypoint (WPT) –Total distance to end of route (DTG) –Total time to end of route. ROUTE Navigation WPT 1 WPT 2

48. Learn to useAlarms

49. GPS Alarms *Anchor alarm *XTE Alarm *Waypoint Arrival

50. Arrival Alarm Sounds whenever the boat penetrates an adjustable ring around the destination waypoint Alarm Sounds 1/2 M

51. longitude latitude Source of Waypoints

52. Nautical Publications

53. 48 10 54 N 48 10 54 N 123 06 37 W Light List Converted for GPS use 48 10.833N 123 06.533W

54. Using GPS to Navigate Identify waypoint locations or the direction & distance between them.

55. Latitude: 41º 15.5’ N Longitude: 71º 34.5’ W What is the position of lighted buoy G “1B1” Fl G 4 sec BELL, located just north of Sandy Point on Block Island? ANIMATION

56. Using GPS to Navigate Plan a series of waypoints.Plan a series of waypoints. Check for obstacles between them—shoals, rocks, islands.Check for obstacles between them—shoals, rocks, islands. Check 1/4 mile either side of your planned course for obstacles.Check 1/4 mile either side of your planned course for obstacles.

57. TR 224 D 3.1 TR 225 D 2.4 ANIMATION WP 2 WP 1 WP 3 Establish a XTE safety zone Measure, plot, and label your course lines. Update your Trip Log. Determine the LAT/LON for each Waypoint and establish Waypoints in your GPS. On your nautical chart, stick small labels showing the Waypoint Number beside each WPT.

58. Plotting GPS Positions Check positions periodically so that you will have a last known position in the event of GPS receiver failure.Check positions periodically so that you will have a last known position in the event of GPS receiver failure. Always plot your trips on a nautical chart.Always plot your trips on a nautical chart. Always use a Trip Log.Always use a Trip Log.

59. Wide Area AugmentationSystem NATIONWIDE DGPS

60. WAAS Seven GROUND CONTROL STATIONS (SIMILAR TO DGPS) Two GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES Two GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES (1 EAST COAST, 1 WEST COAST) GPS RECEIVER IS MODIFIED TO RECEIVE AND INTERPRET WAAS SIGNAL. SIGNALS RECEIVED VIA SAME GPS ANTENNA.

61. GROUND STATIONS TRANSMIT CORRECTION SIGNALS TO SATELLITES. SATELLITES RETRANSMIT CORRECTION SIGNALS TO MODIFIED GPS RECEIVERS. 2 SATELLITES COVER ENTIRE USA. POSITION ACCURACY WITHIN +/- 8 FEET (Better than DGPS) WAAS

62. geos geos WAAS gps

63. LASS LOCAL AREA SURVELLIANCE SYSTEM SYSTEM LOCAL SUPER PRECISE POSITIONING SYSTEM

64. LASS LOCAL DIFFERENTIAL TRANSMITTER LOCATED AT ENDS OF RUNWAYS SIMILAR TO WAAS. TRANSMITS ON SAME FREQUENCY AS GPS. GPS RECEIVER IS MODIFIED TO PROCESS CORRECTIONS. ACCURACY IS WITHIN +/- 2 FEET

65. DIRECTION MEASUREMENT WITHOUT MOTION CURRENT GPS INTEGRATES NET DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT OVER GROUND AND RETURNS A DIRECTION OF MOTION NEW TECHNOLOGY 3 SMALL GPS ANTENNAS ARE POSITIONED IN A TRIANGULAR PATTERN ON YOUR BOAT. 3 INTEGRATED GPS PROCESSORS IN ONE UNIT MEASURE THE POSITION WHERE THE ANTENNAS IS LOCATED IN RELATION TO EACH OTHER AND RETURN THE ANGULAR ORIENTATION OF YOUR VESSEL. ERROR IS ZERO, ZERO, BECAUSE ALL THREE ANTENNAS RETURN THE SAME ERROR SIGNAL AND THE POSITION IS RELATIVE TO EACH ANTENNA

66. GPS2 GPS3 GPS1 GPS RECEIVER GPSSATELLITE GPS2 GPS3 GPS1 D2 D1 D3 D4 D5 D6 ANGULAR DIRECTION WITHOUT MOTION

67. WAAS meters meters Typical DGPS LASS +/- 50 FEET +/- 8 FEET +/- 2 FEET

68. Accuracies Accuracies GPS 20 meters DGPS 10 meters WAAS 3 meters

69. Fixed Console

70. GPS Sensor

71. Chart Plotter

72. LORAN Is still alive and well

73. GPS looks like a compass GPS acts like a compass Therefore it must be a compass NOT TRUE !!!!!!! NOT TRUE !!!!!!!

74. Why GPS is not a Compass GPS reports movement over ground - often different than the vessels heading.GPS reports movement over ground - often different than the vessels heading. GPS errors affect accuracy.GPS errors affect accuracy. Always steer off your compass.Always steer off your compass.

75. Rely on your compass forDirection.

76. *Use a minimum number of characters to number of characters to define a waypoint. define a waypoint. *Maintain an EXCEL list of waypoints for reference. for reference. GPS Tips

77. Waypoints do not have to be located in the water.Waypoints do not have to be located in the water. Waypoints can be used to mark hazards to navigation--areas to avoid and areas to visit.Waypoints can be used to mark hazards to navigation--areas to avoid and areas to visit.

78. Do not place waypoints on the exact location of an Aid to Navigation This can present collision hazard with the ATON or other boats in low visibility GPS Tips

79. NEVER rely on any one means of navigation.

80. GPS Tips Use hand-held GPS units as backups to ship-mounted units. Carry extra batteriesUse hand-held GPS units as backups to ship-mounted units. Carry extra batteries Always use conventional paper charts with your GPS.Always use conventional paper charts with your GPS.

81. GPS Tips Remember that the greatest hazard to navigation may be a bored navigator.

82. GPS Tips Practice use of GPS during ideal conditions to ensure familiarity with controls and procedures.Practice use of GPS during ideal conditions to ensure familiarity with controls and procedures. Keep the GPS Operation Manual aboard and read it carefully to master the essential features of your GPS-- there may not be time to do this in an emergency.Keep the GPS Operation Manual aboard and read it carefully to master the essential features of your GPS-- there may not be time to do this in an emergency. Be patient but consistent.Be patient but consistent.

83. Periodically verify your GPS position using other methods. Plot aids to navigation as waypoints. Stay alert for GPS malfunctions— especially when close to RADAR. GPS Tips

84. For More Information There are instructional video tapes available for many models of GPS.

85. Any questions about: AV Task 6-4 Establishment, verification and use of waypoints – see page 142.