2. INCORPORATING “LAST YEAR’S” DISASTER INFORMATION IN “THIS YEAR’S” EDUCATIONAL SURGES (Part 4) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

3. GOAL: A STRATEGIC USE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE GAINED FROM “LAST YEAR’S” DISASTERS IN “THIS YEAR’S” GLOBAL EDUCATIONAL SURGES A SIMPLE CONCEPT WITH A HIGH BENEFIT TO COST RATIO

4. AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE IS MORE EFFECTIVE IF IT INCLUDES “LAST YEAR’S” CHAPTER IN THE “GLOBAL BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE.”

5. BOOK OF BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And EM HI-ED And EM HI-ED

6. BOOK OF BOOK OF EXPERIENCE - Perspectives EXPERIENCE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And EM HI-ED And EM HI-ED

7. GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE FLOODS SEVERE WIND STORMS EARTHQUAKES DROUGHTS LANDSLIDES WILDFIRES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS TSUNAMIS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS INCREASED TECHNICAL AND POLITICL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY TO COPE INCREASED OWNERSHIP AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE IMPROVE ON PAST PERFORMANCE

8. NOTABLE DISASTER TYPES IN 2008 CYCLONE NARGIS WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE FLOODING IN MIDWESTERN USA TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES WILDFIRES IN CALIFORNIA ERUPTION OF VOLCANO CHAITEN CATALYSTS FOR CHANGE NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR COMMUNITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

9. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY WHAT HAPPENED DURING 2008’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS

10. 2008 TROPICAL STORM/HURRICANE/TYPHOON SEASON JUNE 1 – NOVEMBER 30, 2008

11. PATHS OF 2008’s 16 NAMED ATLANTIC STORMS

12. HIGH VELOCITY WINDS HEAVY RAINFALL FLOODING (Storm Surge; Runoff) LANDSLIDES POWER OUTAGES AGRICULTURAL LOSSES

14. 11 TH NAMED STORM OF 2008 SEASON KYLE TAKES A RARE PATH TOWARD NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA

16. STORM WEAKENS IN THE COLD WATERS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC AND HEADS TOWARD SCOTLAND

19. HURRICANE OMAR CAUSED EXTENSIVE FLOODING IN SOUFRIERE OCTOBER 2008

20. SOUFRIERE

21. OMAR

30. TROPICAL STORM MARCOS: MEXICO: OCTOBER 10, 2008

31. TROPICAL STORM NANA: OCTOBER 12, 2008

32. MARCOS, NANA, OPRAH, AND PALOMA COMPLETED THE SEASON The factors that contribute to the formation of hurricanes were in place longer than usual during 2008 (e.g., warm ocean temperature, and low wind shear).

33. NEUTRAL EL NINO CONDITIONS  Neutral El Nino conditions continued throughout the 2008 season.  El Nino is the eastern Pacific warm water phenomenon that dampens the formation of tropical storms in the Atlantic.

34. CONCEPTS OF EDUCATIONAL SURGES THAT MOVE COMMUNITIES TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE

35. FOUR UNIVERSAL BARRIERS TO USING “LAST YEAR’S” INFORMATION IGNORANCE APATHY DISCIPLINARY BOUNDARIES LACK OF POLITICAL WILL

36. EDUCATIONAL SURGES CREATE TURNING POINTS ALL SECTORS OF SOCIETY INFORMED IGNORANCE TO ENLIGHTENMENT APATHY TO EMPOWERMENT BOUNDARIES TO NETWORKS STATUS QUO TO GOOD POLITICAL DECISIONS EDUCATIONAL SURGES WILL CHANGE THE COMMUNITY EDUCATIONAL SURGES WILL CHANGE THE COMMUNITY

37. EDUCATIONAL SURGE RELEVANT PUBLIC AWARENESS INCREASE UNDERSTANDING POLITICAL ENABLEMENT BUILD EQUITY BASIC OBJECTIVES FOR LAUNCHING AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE

38. BENEFITS OF EDUCATIONAL SURGES EXPAND CAPABILITY IMPROVE DELIVERY MECHANISMS OVERCOME UNIVERSAL BARRIERS CREATE TURNING POINTS OF CHANGE INCREASE COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE EDUCATIONAL SURGES

39. TOPICS AND TARGETS OF EDUCATIONAL SURGES TOPICS AND TARGETS OF EDUCATIONAL SURGES THE KNOWLEDGE BASE Risk and Loss Assessments Increased Understanding Hazard Characterization Vulnerability Assessments Real & Near Real Time Information Flow Disaster-Risk Reduction Interface with Multiple Networks Cause & Effect Relationships CAPACITY BUILDING Emergency Managers Policy Makers Practitioners Intelligent Emergency Management Tailored to Community Needs CONTINUING EDUCATION Up Close, Virtual, and Distance Learning Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster Disaster Scenarios Training Information Technology A PROCESS THAT IS DESIGNED TO PENETRATE SOCIETY A PROCESS THAT IS DESIGNED TO PENETRATE SOCIETY

40. BENEFITS OF AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Increasing the "World's Mutual Fund for Education," (i.e., the in- country resources for education in the budget of every nation )

41. BENEFITS OF AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Capacity-building activities on different scales will eventually overcome the universal barriers of ignorance, apathy, disciplinary boundaries, and lack of political will.

42. BENEFITS OF AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Increased community disaster resilience (NOTE: Megacities are a special challenge)

43. BENEFITS OF AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Transferring ownership of knowledge and technology for increasing disaster-risk reduction for people, habitats, livelihoods, cultural heritage, and infrastructure

44. BENEFITS OF AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Facilitates equipping, linking, and engaging legions of new and emerging professionals with mature professionals

45. BENEFITS OF AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE Intensifies efforts in high- risk locations. Decreases vulnerabilities in essential (schools) and critical (hospitals, dams, and power plants) facilities.

46. MEASURING CHANGE NEW RESOURCES NEW DELIVERY MECHANISMS NEW PROFESSIONAL LINKAGES NEW LEGISLATIVE MANDATES NEW DIALOGUE ON BUILDING A CULTURE OF DISASTER- RISK REDUCTION EDUCATIONAL SURGES SHOULD RESULT IN …

47. MEASURING CHANGE PRINCIPLES (Improving on the past) REDUCTION IN MAGNITUDE OF SOCIO- ECONOMIC LOSSES FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

48. MEASURING CHANGE PRINCIPLES (Improving on the past) REDUCTION IN NUMBER AND MAGNITUDE OF ANNUAL NATURAL DISASTERS

49. MEASURING CHANGE PRINCIPLES (Improving on the past) INCREASED EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCAT- IONAL SURGES TO BUILD PROFESSIONL CAPACITY FOR DISASTER REXILIENCE

50. MEASURING CHANGE PRINCIPLES (Improving on the past) DECREASE IN IGNORANCE, APATHY, DISCIPLINARY BOUNDARIES, AND LACK OF POLITICAL WILL

51. MEASURING CHANGE PRINCIPLES (Improving on the Past) INCREASE IN TRAINING

52. MEASURING CHANGE PRINCIPLES (Improving on the Past) INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF PROFESSIONALS ENGAGED IN SEAMLESS NETWORKS HAVING COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE AS A GOAL

53. MEASURING CHANGE PRINCIPLES (Improving on the past) INCREASED COORDINATION

54. MEASURING CHANGE PRINCIPLES (Improving on the past) IMPROVED COLLABORATION

55. MEASURING CHANGE PRINCIPLES (Improving on the past) IMPROVED INNOVATION

56. MEASURING CHANGE TURNING POINTS (Building a Culture of Community Disaster Resilience) NEW NETWORKS OF PROFESS- IONALS WORKING ON EDUCATIONAL SURGES TO PENETRATE ALL LEVELS OF THE COMMUNITY.

57. MEASURING CHANGE TURNING POINTS (Building a Culture of Community Disaster Resilience) INCREASE IN ACTIVITIES TO TRANSFORM IGNORANCE INTO ENLIGHTENMENT

58. MEASURING CHANGE TURNING POINTS (Building a Culture of Community Disaster Resilience) INCREASE IN ACTIVITIES TO TRANSFORM APATHY INTO EMPOWERMENT

59. MEASURING CHANGE TURNING POINTS (Building a Culture of Community Disaster Resilience) INCREASE IN ACTIVITIES TO TRANSFORM ORGANIZATIONAL AND DISCIPLINARY BOUNDARIES INTO SEAMLESS NETWORKS

60. MEASURING CHANGE TURNING POINTS (Building a Culture of Community Disaster Resilience) INCREASE IN ACTIVITIES TO TRANSFORM THE STATUS QUO IN A COMMUNITY INTO “GOOD” POLITICAL DECISIONS

61. MEASURING CHANGE TURNING POINT (Building a Culture of Community Disaster Resilience) INCREASE IN DIALOGUE ON HOW TO USE “LAST YEAR’S” DISASTER INFORMATION IN “THIS YEAR’S” EDUCATIONAL SURGES