1. Progress and Prospects for European Digital Libraries Ron Davies ron@DELETETHISrondavies.be Access, Oct. 12, 2006 The opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not express the opinion of the European Commission

2. Progress and Prospects Current initiatives and future prospects –European Union –Member states Progress in infrastructure for interoperability and multilingual access –The European Library (TEL) –MACS / BS 8723

3. European Union 25 Member States, 20 languages European Commission has supported enabling activities through research and Info Society programmes encouraging: –Interoperability, ensuring access across borders and between different domains –Multilingual access, to ensure accessibility, preserve cultural diversity Recent enhanced interest in digital libraries

4. EU chronology Dec. 2004 Google Print announcement Apr. 2005 Letter from Pres. Chirac and five leaders to Commission/Council May 2005 Statement by Pres. Barroso Communications from the Commission –Sept. 2005 - i2010 Digital Libraries Initiative –Mar. 2006 - Step up efforts to create European Digital Library –Aug. 2006 - Digitisation, online accessibility and preservation

5. i2010 Digital Libraries Initiative Vision to make European cultural heritage easier to access and use in an online environment –All types of material (books, films and other AV material, photos, archival documents) –Digitised and born digital materials –Different types of cultural institutions (libraries, archives, museums) Make available by 2010 at least 6 million books, documents and other works

6. European Digital Library Online public consultation (225 replies): –Decentralized model with a visible portal –Interoperability based on standards –Harmonisation in copyright exceptions High level expert group to advise on key challenges (20 members) Digitisation responsibility of MS; EC to coordinate digitisation techniques, preservation, copyright, legal deposit

7. eContentPlus 2005-2008 (Information Society) Create conditions for creation and access to digital content incl. cultural, educational and scientific content –Achieve interoperability through common standards; facilitate access and use in a multilingual context 60 million € over 4 years (2005-08) In 2005, 19 projects supported out of 238 proposals

8. Research programme (IST component) Since 2000, 20 projects worth 54 m € have addressed dig lib issues, e.g. –PrestoSpace - standardised practices for preservation and archiving of AV materials –BRICKS - OS software for building and sharing distributed heritage collections –Calimera - Knowledge sharing network for local cultural heritage institutions Likely increase in 2007-2013 (FP7)

9. Activities in Member States Digitisation in member states Different approaches in different countries –E.g. Microsoft - British Library agreement to digitise 100,000 public domain books (25 million pages)

10. France - Initiatives Dec. 2004 - Google Print announcement Mar. 2005 - Statement by President Chirac July 2005 - Creation of steering committee (government and industry representation) Mar. 2006 - White paper setting forth French proposals and actions

11. France - White Paper Set out French activities in the near term –80% of Gallica converted to text format –300 - 400 K additional documents digitised –Develop mass digitisation procedures –Develop dissemination platform for copyright and public domain works –Platform prototype currently in development

12. Progress : Infrastructure for interoperability and multilingual access

13. The European Library (TEL) Cross-searching of collections in European national libraries (incl. digital collections) Development funded through EU and Council of European National Libraries (CENL) Based at the Dutch national library “Portal in the browser” -- low cost, low barrier technical solution

15. Gateway SRU Distr. dbs OAI index XSLT stylesheets Javascript SRU Z39.50 XML Collection descriptions

16. TEL ‘model’ for the European Digital Library Very largely decentralised architecture Visible single portal Based on standards Project led to operational system –Over 11 million records including 500,000 digital documents –More than 25,000 users

17. TEL issues “Portal in the browser” means results always grouped by resource, no possibility to merge, rank Alternative models of federated search / central index of harvested data Resource selection problem (choosing a reasonable number of relevant resources) Multilingual interface via stylesheets, virtual keyboard but not multilingual subject access

18. EDLproject (TEL phase 3) Funded by eContentPlus (2005 call) Announced Sept. 2006 Managed by German national library –Extend TEL to additional EU/EEA countries (BE, GR, ES, IE, SE, LU, NO, IS, LI) –Extend multilingual capacity in interfaces and advanced search mechanisms –Support future planning and cooperation with other DL activities in EU

19. Multilingual Access to Subjects (MACS) Joint project of national libraries (BL, BnF, DDB, SNL -- CENL) Mapping between subject headings (SHL) in three different systems –Library of Congress Subject Headings (en) –Rameau (fr) –SWD (de) More than 30,000 headings mapped, 3,000 between all three SHLs

20. MACS principles No central editor SHLs are equal - no pivotal language Partners are responsible for validating links Link management interface / user interface Links are managed separately from partner databases but accessible for users via web

22. Issues in mapping SHLs Use base headings in schedule, enumerated headings in schedule or all enumerated headings formed by adding standard subdivisions, etc. ? Mapping from/to schedules (SHL in abstract for any number of applications) or from headings used in a particular catalogue (MACS approach)?

23. BS 8723 Structured Vocabularies for IR Revision of UK/ISO standards for thesauri, replaces existing mono- / multi-lingual thesaurus standards Includes guidance on mapping between different structured vocabularies including classifications, subject headings, taxonomies, ontologies as well as thesauri Will provide advice on exchange formats and protocols for interoperability

24. Key future events EC Communication on scientific and scholarly aspects of the European Digital Library (end of 2006) Announcements of funding for eContentPlus programme (second half 2006, early 2007) Publication of Parts 3-5 of BS 8723 (early 2007)

25. References i2010 Digital Libraries Initiative http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/digital_libraries/index_en.htm French initiatives Actualités -- Bibliothèque numérique européenne http://www.bnf.fr/PAGES/dernmin/bnue.htm Résumé du Livre blanc du Comité de pilotage http://www.bnf.fr/PAGES/dernmin/pdf/bnue.pdf The European Library (TEL) http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/index.html Van Veen, T.; B. Oldroyd. “Search and Retrieval in The European Library” Dlib 10:2 (Feb. 2004) http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february04/vanveen/02vanveen.html MACS Landry, Patrice. “Multilinguisme et langages documentaires: le projet MACS en contexte européen” Documentation et bibliothèques 52(2): 121-128.