1.  HPD 4C Working with School age Children and Adolescents – Mrs. Filinov

2. 1.Incidental Learningunplanned learning – it just happens accidentally 2.Trial-and-Error Learningthey try several solutions before finding one that works 3.Imitation Learningby watching and copying others 4.Directed Learninglearning that results from being taught

3.  Guidance and Discipline  Play activities Definitions: Guidance - the act or function of providing leadership and direction on how to make wise decisions. Discipline – training that corrects, molds, and perfects ones actions.

4. GUIDANCE Children need guidance to help them learn acceptable behavior COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT KEEP MESSAGES SIMPLE AND BRIEF SPEAK IN A RELAXED VOICE REINFORCE WORDS WITH ACTIONS WHEN NECESSARY USE POSITIVE STATEMENTS – WHAT TO DO INSTEAD OF WHAT NOT TO DO ANSWER QUESTIONS BRIEFLY AND TRUTHFULLY – IN A MANNER APPROPRIATE FOR THEIR LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING

5.  MODELING – model the behavior that you expect and set a good example  SET LIMITS – reasonable and appropriate for the child’s age  BE CONSISTENT  USE POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT – reward positive behavior with attention and praise; ignore undesirable behavior if possible  REDIRECT – focus the child’s attention on something else – an appealing substitute  PROMPTING – questions may “prompt” children to exhibit desired behavior Example: “What are you supposed to do when you are finished painting?”

6. When misbehavior occurs, CONSEQUENCES may become necessary. If well-being is not at risk, consequences are a good deterrent. LOGICAL CONSEQUENCES Relate to the misbehavior Ex: throwing blocks - put them up Time out Ex: move away from others for a short period of time if behavior cannot be ignored (2 minutes per year of age is suggested) NEVER WITHHOLD LOVE – children need to always feel love regardless of their behavior

7.  GIVE HELP ONLY WHEN CHILDREN NEED IT  WAIT FOR THEM TO COMPLETE SOMETHING AND THEN PRAISE THEM FOR THEIR EFFORTS  TEACH DECISION-MAKING BY ALLOWING CHILDREN TO MAKE CHOICES  ONLY OFFER A CHOICE IF IT REALLY IS A CHOICE  OFFER TWO EQUALLY ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVES  ALLOW THEM TO SOLVE THEIR OWN PROBLEMS (IF POSSIBLE)  SHOW THEM THEY MUST ACCEPT THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR DECISION  ENCOURAGE CHILDREN TO CARE FOR THEIR OWN THING S

8.  They experiment to see how things work  They use their imaginations and try new ideas  They experience different sights, sounds, textures, smells and tastes  They learn number concepts  They learn size and shape relationships  Creative thinking  Physically they learn to control small and large muscles  Socially they learn to play together, and take turns  Learn to follow rules and act fairly toward others Children learn through their play activities

9.  Solitary Play: This is when the child plays alone. All children like solitary play at times  Parallel Play: This is when the child plays beside another child without interacting. The child will observe the other children and often imitate what they do. Children enjoy parallel play.  Imitative Play: This is when the child and another child copy each other. One child starts to jump and soon they are all jumping. Or you are folding clothes and your child tries to do the same.  Social Bids: This is the first step toward having fun with others. Well before the age of 24 months, the child will offer toys, looks, or words to other children. It’s your child’s way of communicating.  Co ‑ operative Play: As child gets older, she or he will start to play with other children. The child might help to build a block village or take stuffed animals to the doctor. Many children are not ready for this kind of play until they are 36 months of age or older.

10.  Read to children

11.  Art Activities

12.  Music Activities

13.  Television and Videos

14.  Toys

15.  Help children grow physically, emotionally, socially and intellectually  Should be chosen to stimulate but not overstimulate  Consider the interests of the child  Consider safety when selecting toys - AVOID  Small parts, sharp points and edges  Long cords or strings  Flammable materials and toxic paints  Nonwashable dolls and stuffed animals  Toys that fall apart easily  Select age-appropriate toys

16. Age-Appropriate Toys