1. Chapter 6 To what Extent do Different Economic Systems Affect Quality of life?

2. Terms to Know Definitions work sheet is on the website and is due at the end of the chapter- Due date will be given later. I encourage you to complete it online and email, but print it if you want to.

3. Just Imagine… You are in charge of all the money coming into your home every month. What factors would you have to consider in deciding how to spend that money? Everybody in you house will have different ideas on what's important and what it should be spent on. That’s economics

4. Economics: The study of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.

5. A comparison We will looking at the economic systems of Canada and a major trading partner, the United States. What values shape these systems, how they are different, and how they are the same.

6. Economic Systems The way a society organizes the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Choice- choice that is based on values.

8. Alberta, March 2015 New budget: Budget will have a significant impact on all students in our District. There will be no additional funding for new students and a decrease in funding for students who are English Language Learners, First Nations, Metis and Inuit students, and those who have special educational needs. This decrease to funding will make it challenging to continue the same level of support for these students to succeed.

9. The District is anticipating a 3.5% increase in enrolment or a total of approximately 1,400 students for the 2015/16 year. These additional students result in a need for additional teachers who will not be funded and this, and other reductions in funding, will cause an increase in class sizes.

10. The budget cuts will make it increasingly difficult to support all of our students, particularly our most vulnerable as well as new students to our District. We are very worried about the 3.1% decrease in Plant, Operations and Maintenance funding and the impact it may have at our schools and District sites.

11. Boom or Bust? Alberta economy tied to price of oil. Alberta government collects no oil royalties.

12. Compare 2 Economic Models Alberta Unregulated Contributions Benefits some Free market Billion Norway Regulated Contributions Benefits all Managed market- invested in other industries Trillion- “Every man, woman & child in Norway is a millionaire”.

13. Compare 2 Economic Models Alberta Individual Business Free market Low Taxes/No Taxes Flat Tax Norway Group Public Good Planned Higher Taxes Progressive Tax

14. Party Platform A political party is a group of people who have similar ideas about how government should respond to issues facing society. They put forward candidates in elections and seek to form the government. Each party develops policies, based on the shared values of its members, to respond to issues.

15. Price- What determines price? Manufacturing and shipping costs. What else?

16. What else might influence the price of products? How do these decisions influence your quality of life?

17. Economic Systems Planned Mixed Market Why might Canada’s government own a company? How might economic decision making and identity connect?

18. A brief lesson in economics… Cartoon, pg 199 Why didn’t the manufacturer make more games? Why did the truckers go on strike? Why did the store decide to sell the game for less? Why would anyone buy it for $99.99?

19. What Values shape the mixed and market economies of Canada and the United States? The demand for super cyborg city was so great it created a scarcity of the productscarcity Too many people wanted the product, and not enough copies were available

20. Some things people need are unlimited- ex air- or is it??!! Most things that people need or want are limited. This is because resources are limited. In economics resources include, money, labour, and materials

21. What Creates Scarcity? Land Materials found in the natural environment needed to produce goods and services, such as renewable and non- renewable resources What impacts might this decision about using the land have on the land?

22. Labour Labour consists of the physical and mental effort needed to produce goods and services Construction workers building a house- if there aren’t enough workers, fewer houses get built How do choices concerning jobs effect the work force?

23. Capital Consists of money that people own or borrow, used to purchase equipment, tools, and other resources needed to produce goods and services Ex- setting up a plane production plant requires money What if the capital that built this airplane were invested in something else? How might this impact airports and air services?

24. Jungle or Zoo? Get into 4 teams Each team will choose whether they would prefer to live in a jungle or a zoo. Make sure you write your decision at the top of the page. Answer the questions from that perspective.

25. Who would rather live in a jungle? Who would choose the zoo? Explain your answers. What are the most important reasons for your personal choices? What values or beliefs emerge in these answers? Can you think of countries that could be compared to jungles or zoos? What does the country you have chosen have in common with the jungle or zoo? Speculate on: – the living conditions – the type of government – the economic activities – the individual happiness and collective well-being. What are the drawbacks to living in the environment you initially chose?

26. Economic Systems An economic system is a way of organizing “economics” to solve the basic problem of scarcity. Economic systems can be placed on a spectrum; their spot on that spectrum depends on the underlying values of that society

27. Spectrum of Economic Systems More government control Less government control

28. Planned Economy At this end of the spectrum, the government makes all the decisions about how to solve scarcity. The Government owns and manages all the resources needed to produce things Resources are publicly owned Government makes all decisions about resources Individual consumers have little influence on decision making Ex. Former USSR, Cuba

29. Crown Corporation A company owned by Canada’s government to provide goods and services to Canadians. Why might the government want to own a particular business?

30. Reasons Include: To provide essential services.

31. Reasons Include: To promote economic development.

32. Reasons Include: To support Canadian Culture identity.

33. Market Economy On this end of the spectrum, the choices of individuals solve scarcity Private businesses manage and sell their own resources Businesses succeed if they sell products consumers want, otherwise they fail The government does not get involved Ex. The United States

35. Mixed Economy Combines private ownership and government control Individuals and government make decisions about what to produce The level of government involvement depends on what political party is in power Liberal & NDP Parties-More involvement Conservative Party-Less involvement Ex- Canada, Sweden

36. Monopoly VS Competition A monopoly is the opposite of competition. One producer controls all supply of a product or service. Governments sometimes create monopolies as a way to provide essential services that require expensive infrastructure (set up), such as water lines or sewer lines.

37. Canadian Wheat Board

38. Wheat Board sets the price of wheat on behalf of all wheat growers- the price is not set by competition among wheat growers or their customers. The purpose is to protect wheat growers from low market prices. Some Canadians support the role of the agency, and some oppose it.

39. Governments sometimes prevent monopolies… And restore competition between producers. Example: In the US, the Microsoft Corporation had to adjust its software product Windows to allow compatibility with browsers other than its own Internet Explorer.

40. How did they end up this way? The Canadian and American economic systems are very similar, but they developed from different starting points Their starting points involved different answers to the fundamental question “what’s the best way to achieve the public good?”

41. The Public Good and Cooperation The belief that individuals must consider each other and set aside their individual differences to achieve what’s best for society What style of economic system do you think this idea fits?

42. The Public Good and individualism The belief that what's best for each person individually adds up to what best for society What style of economic system do you think this idea fits?

43. History of the Different Systems Canadian Economy pg 206-207 How might the history of Canada shape the value and attitudes in Canada? The U.S. Economy pg 208 How might the history of the U.S. shape the values and attitudes in the U.S.?

44. Supply and Demand Supply and demand control the market system through a cause-and-effect relationship related to price. Supply and demand effect quality of life because they affect the prices of products we buy, the availability of products, and jobs connected to creating products.

45. Supply Supply is the quantity of a good that producers are willing to make and offer for sale in the market. The supply of a good is related to the price of that good. Generally, the higher the price of the good, the more producers will want to make and the greater the supply. The opposite is also true: the lower the price of a good, the less producers will want to make and the lower the supply will be.

46. Supply Supply (the products and services created by producers) is about producing things that people want. Producers: those who create products and services.

47. Demand Demand is the quantity of a good that consumers will buy at a given price. The demand for the good is related to the price of that good. Generally, the higher the price of a good, the less people will want to buy and therefore, the lower the demand. When something is expensive, people will purchase less of it or a substitute. The opposite is also true: the lower the price of a good, the more people will want to buy and the higher the demand will be. When something is cheap, people will want to buy more of it.

53. Competition Competition is about getting consumers to buy their products Producers attract consumers in a variety of ways-price, product quality, and advertising. Many factors can affect competition, including the value of consumers and decisions by the government to get involved in decisions about supply and demand Ex: coke vs. Pepsi, ford vs. GMC, Nike, vs. Adidas 2 Donut shops case study- pg 212

54. Prices Prices in a free market system are determined by the interaction of supply and demand.

55. The price of a good will naturally move to a level where the quantity demanded is EQUAL to the quantity supplied. At this point, the market is said to be at EQUILIBRIUM.

56. In a free market system, the equilibrium price and quantity of most goods are constantly changing as the market adjusts automatically to changes in the level of supply and demand. Lemonade

57. Prices Firms are encouraged to increase production of those goods that are in high demand and to reduce production of less popular goods Goods are made available to consumers at the lowest possible price Ford Motor company grew because of their ability to supply cars to the consumers for a lower price due to the invention of the assembly lineassembly line

58. Why do Governments get Involved in the Market Economy? Market economies rely on the decisions of individuals consumers and producers Sometimes the government may get involved to inform, protect or ensure good and fair practices Ex. The B.C. government started its own auto insurance program because it believed private insurance companies were to expensive Can you think of any other reasons why the government may get involved?

59. The Business Cycle The free market economy does not grow at a constant rate. Instead, it goes through a continuing series of “boom” and “bust” periods called the business cycle.

60. Boom Periods period of prosperity and economic growth high level of employment wages and profits rise, therefore spending increases GDP (gross domestic product) is high Problem: INFLATION

61. Bust Periods Economic decline and crisis production decreases, therefore unemployment rises and wages fall consumers restrict spending, therefore prices and profits drop RECESSION – mild and short lived downturn DEPRESSION – longer and severe period of decline

62. The Business Cycle

63. Government Intervention Governments intervene in the economy by changing their level of spending and the supply of money to try to even out the boom and bust cycles

64. Look at the examples on pg 214 and 215 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the involvement of the government in each example?

65. Entrepreneurs Entrepreneur – a person who ORGANIZES a business and takes the RISKS associated with competing in a market economy They are the heart of the market system The following are clips from CBC television’s reality show Dragon’s Den: Dragon's Den Dragon's Den 2

66. Case Study Read the case studies on Page 226 and 229 and answer the questions

67. Supply, Demand, and Price Break into 3 groups 1) Supply 2) Demand 3) Price I will read some “what if “ Statements. You as a group must decide what will happen Will the supply/demand/price go up? Will the supply/demand/price go down?