1. Front Suspension Systems

2. Coil Springs Coiled bar of spring type steel
Absorbs road shock & carries vehicle weight
Linear- rate – equally spaced coils, have constant spring rating
Variable-rate – tapered, unequal spacing, act differently under various loads
Linear-rate springs have one load carrying value
Variable rate spring change properties as more weight is added

3. Torsion Bars Used in place of coil springs, usually 4WD trucks
Bar twists, resisting movement of lower control arm

4. Ball Joints Pivot points allowing steering knuckle movement
Reduced steering effort
Improved ride quality

5. Ball Joint Construction
Ball & Socket design
Ball seat is cushioned
Spring loaded

6. Load Carrying Ball Joints
Support vehicle weight

7. Tension Loaded Ball Joint
Knuckle attached above lower control arm

8. Compression Loaded Ball Joint
Knuckle attached under lower control arm

9. Non-Load-Carrying Ball Joint

10. Stabilizer Bar

11. Strut Rod Connected to frame & lower control arm
Controls fore & aft movement of control arm
May provide for caster adjustment

12. I-Beam Suspension Solid axle connecting both front steering knuckles
Used on H.D. trucks

13. Twin I-Beam

14. Short & Long Arm Suspension
Provide for an independent suspension system
Camber & caster angles remain fairly constant over bumps
Arms connected to frame with rubber bushings

15. Upper Control Arm Design

16. Type 1 Design

17. Type 2 Design

18. S.A.L.A. Travel

19. MacPherson Strut Suspension

20. Modified Strut Design

21. Modified Strut Design

22. Double Wish Bone Design

23. Independent Front 4WD

24. Independent Front 4WD

25. Solid Front 4WD