1. Nigeria DHS Survey in 1990

2. Neonatal Mortality Results for Nigeria 1990 Risk of neonatal mortality compared with 36-47 month birth interval: –Births less than 24 months: 228 % –Births 24-35 months: 136 % –Births 36-47 months: 100 % –Births 48+ months: 79 % –First births: 189 % Lowest neonatal mortality at 36-41 and 60+ month birth intervals

4. Infant Mortality Results for Nigeria 1990 Risk of infant mortality compared with 36-47 month birth interval: –Births less than 24 months: 220 % –Births 24-35 months: 156 % –Births 36-47 months: 100 % –Births 48+ months: 76 % –First births: 165 % Lowest infant mortality at 54+ month birth intervals

6. Under Five Mortality Results for Nigeria 1990 Risk of under five mortality compared with 36-47 month birth interval: –Births less than 24 months: 168 % –Births 24-35 months: 130 % –Births 36-47 months: 100 % –Births 48+ months: 57 % –First births: 127 % Lowest under five mortality at 48+ month birth intervals

8. Birth Interval Preferences in Nigeria, 1990 Nigerian women have just about the birth intervals than they prefer. On average, they prefer to have their births spaced by 30 months. Actual median birth interval is 29 months. There is little regional difference in median duration of preferred or actual birth intervals.

9. Median Duration of Actual and Preferred Birth Interval by Geographic Regions, Nigeria 1990

10. Nigerian Preferences for Short Birth Intervals, 1990 In Nigeria many women prefer short birth intervals, only 27% want births with less than 2 years spacing and 63% prefer an interval of less than 3 years For Nigeria as a whole, 28 percent of women have intervals shorter than 24 months, just about the same percentage that prefer such short intervals. 68 percent of Nigerian women have intervals shorter than 36 months, only 5 percent more than those who prefer such intervals.

11. Percent of Birth Intervals Less than 24 Months, Actual and Preferred, Nigeria 1990

12. Percent of Birth Intervals Less than 36 Months, Actual and Preferred, Nigeria 1990

13. Nigeria DHS Survey in 2003

14. Neonatal Mortality Results for Nigeria 2003 Risk of neonatal mortality compared with 36-47 month birth interval: –Births less than 24 months: 164 % –Births 24-35 months: 86 % –Births 36-47 months: 100 % –Births 48+ months: 177 % –First births: 145 % Lowest neonatal mortality at 42-53 month birth intervals

16. Infant Mortality Results for Nigeria 2003 Risk of infant mortality compared with 36-47 month birth interval: –Births less than 24 months: 180 % –Births 24-35 months: 120 % –Births 36-47 months: 100 % –Births 48+ months: 89 % –First births: 158 % Lowest infant mortality at 42+ month birth intervals

18. Under Five Mortality Results for Nigeria 2003 Risk of under five mortality compared with 36-47 month birth interval: –Births less than 24 months: 150 % –Births 24-35 months: 112 % –Births 36-47 months: 100 % –Births 48+ months: 97 % –First births: 111 % Lowest under five mortality at 54+ month birth intervals

20. Birth Interval Preferences in Nigeria, 2003 Nigerian women have just about the birth intervals than they prefer. On average, they prefer to have their births spaced by 30 months. Actual median birth interval is 29 months. Only in the Southwest region is there a difference in median duration of preferred and actual birth intervals.

21. Median Duration of Actual and Preferred Birth Interval by Geographic Regions, Nigeria 2003

22. Nigerian Preferences for Short Birth Intervals, 2003 In Nigeria many women prefer short birth intervals, only 25% want births with less than 2 years spacing and 60% prefer an interval of less than 3 years For Nigeria as a whole, 28 percent of women have intervals shorter than 24 months, about the same percentage that prefer such short intervals. 64 percent of Nigerian women have intervals shorter than 36 months, only 4 percent more than those who prefer such intervals.

23. Percent of Birth Intervals Less than 24 Months, Actual and Preferred, Nigeria 2003

24. Percent of Birth Intervals Less than 36 Months, Actual and Preferred, Nigeria 2003

29. In Nigeria, if no births occurred before 36 months of a preceding birth: Infant Mortality Rate would drop 24% Under Five Mortality Rate would drop 15% Deaths to children under five years of age would fall by 96,200 annually