1. Renaissance & First Global Age Review 3 Practice Questions come from 2010-2014

2. Renaissance Europe Began in Italy due to coast for trade, Byzantine monks fled from Constantinople bringing Greek/Roman ideas Humanism – new way of thinking that emphasized reasoning and logic; new secular interests – Protestant Reformation – Scientific Revolution – Commercial Revolution – Age of Exploration – Enlightenment Art that moves away from purely religious themes – Leonardo da Vinci (Mona Lisa, inventor and artist), Michelangelo (Sistine Chapel), and linear perspective (Brunelleschi) Vernacular literature replaces solely in Latin (Shakespeare)

3. Jan 2010 1. Humanism during the Italian Renaissance was focused on (1) the affairs of the church (2) self-sufficiency (3) the importance of the individual (4) political theories

4. June 2010 Focus on individual achievement Use of classical Greek and Roman ideas Artistic works of Leonardo da Vinci 2. Which time period is most closely associated with these characteristics? (1) Hellenistic Golden Age (2) Early Middle Ages (3) European Renaissance (4) Scientific Revolution

5. Aug 2010 3. Which geographic factor contributed to the rise of the Renaissance in Italian city-states? (1) mountainous terrain of the Alps (2) location near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea (3) navigable waters of the Danube River (4) ease of travel on the Northern European Plain

6. Jan 2013 The world view shifted from other-worldly to secular. Greek and Roman ideas were revived. Improvements were made to the printing press. 7. Which occurrence is most closely associated with these aspects of the Renaissance? (1) Gothic cathedrals became the focal point of town activities. (2) Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope. (3) Galileo Galilei published information about a heliocentric universe. (4) Emperors used the Twelve Tables to bring about Pax Romana.

7. Jan 2013 9. The economic wealth of Calicut, Mogadishu, and Venice in the 13th century was primarily dependent on their (1) fertile soil (3) gold mines (2) iron ore (4) coastal locations

8. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther wrote 95 Thesis to protest corruption of Catholic Church – especially indulgences. Gutenberg’s printing press helps spread it. John Calvin – predestination Henry VIII – Act of Supremacy Reformation will cause a permanent split (schism) in Christianity Counter-Reformation will try to bring people back to Catholic Church: end indulgences at Council of Trent, Inquisitions for heresy (Isabella/Ferdinand), creates Jesuits, Index of banned books

9. June 2010 12. Which change to Christian church practice was suggested by Martin Luther? (1) increasing the sale of indulgences (2) installing statues of saints in churches (3) saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would learn it (4) printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could read it

10. Aug 2010 13. Which action led most directly to divisions in Christianity in western Europe? (1) Pope Urban II calling for the Crusades (2) King John signing the Magna Carta (3) German cities establishing the Hanseatic League (4) Martin Luther posting the Ninety-five Theses

11. Jan 2012 14. One impact Gutenberg’s printing press had on western Europe was (1) the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas (2) a decrease in the number of universities (3) a decline in literacy (4) the unification of the Holy Roman Empire

12. Aug 2012 17. Which statement about the Protestant Reformation is an opinion rather than a fact? (1) German princes revolted against the Holy Roman Emperor. (2) Membership in the Catholic Church declined in northern Europe. (3) European religious unity was disrupted by the newly established religions. (4) Henry VIII led a stronger religious reform movement than Martin Luther did.

13. June 2013 18. One way in which Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses and Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy are similar is that both (1) emphasize the importance of the Bible (2) caused the Thirty Years War (3) challenge the authority of the Catholic Church (4) helped to unify Christendom

14. Jan 2010 19. One way in which the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and the Versailles Conference (1918–1919) are similar is that they both attempted to (1) restore stability after a period of conflict or disorder (2) address economic concerns by lowering tariffs (3) defend human rights by establishing written codes of law (4) encourage cultural development through the creation of universities

15. Jan 2014 20. One result of the Protestant Reformation was (1) fewer challenges to Church authority (2) a decline in religious unity in western Europe (3) the disbanding of the Jesuit order (4) a weakening of the Inquisition

16. Scientific Revolution Change from science based on faith and Bible to experimentation Francis Bacon – scientific method Copernicus – heliocentric model of universe Galileo – proved Copernicus right with telescope, will be charged with heresy Isaac Newton – calculus and laws of motion

17. Aug 2010 22. Which pair of ideas were central to the Scientific Revolution? (1) social stability and economic self-sufficiency (2) observation and experimentation (3) technology and military expansion (4) scarcity and interdependence

18. Jan 2012

19. Aug 2012

20. DBQ – Jan 2011 Throughout history, ideas have shaped and influenced various societies and regions. These ideas include heliocentrism, natural rights, and Marxism. Task: Choose two ideas mentioned in the historical context and for each Explain the idea Discuss how this idea influenced societies or regions

21. Capitalism – Commercial Revolution Hanseatic League, guilds, and rise of towns replace manorialism Medici – Florentine banking and political family Commercial Revolution – rise of capitalism (laissez-faire), joint-stock companies, and bourgeoisie

22. June 2010 28. Between 1300 and 1600, which economic system began to develop as a result of the transformation in global trade? (1) socialism (3) communism (2) capitalism (4) manorialism

23. June 2011 29. During the European Middle Ages, guilds were created to (1) obtain better working conditions in factories (2) standardize goods and prices (3) regulate the money supply (4) increase competition

24. Aug 2011 30. Which statement represents a central idea of laissez-faire economics (1) Class struggles are based on inequities. (2) Workers should form unions to better their conditions. (3) Prices are best determined by supply and demand. (4) The government should own all means of production.

25. June 2012 32. What was one result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe? (1) decrease in the size of the middle class (2) expansion of the manor system (3) development of financial institutions (4) wider use of the barter system

26. Age of Exploration - Imperialism Mercantilism – colonies established for providing motherland with colonies for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods – desired favorable balance of trade. Motives – “God, Glory & Gold” Inspired because of the conquest of the Byzantine Empire by Ottomans (Mehmet II) and desire for new route to India and Spice Islands New Technology – astrolabe, compass, caravel, cartography

27. June 2010 35. The combined usage of the caravel, compass, and astrolabe in the late 1400s helped bring about the (1) migration of the Bantu (2) exploration of the Americas (3) introduction of Buddhism to East Asia (4) voyages of Zheng He

28. Aug 2010 36. Advances in navigation technology and the desire of Europeans to obtain goods from Asia are most closely associated with the (1) rise of feudalism (2) Agricultural Revolution (3) Age of Exploration (4) Age of Reason

29. Aug 2010 37. A key objective of a mercantilist policy was to (1) establish colonies for trade benefits (2) promote warfare throughout Europe (3) develop assembly lines in factories (4) support the spread of communist ideas

30. Thematic – Aug 2012

31. June 2012 39. In the late 1400s and early 1500s, what was a major reason for the European voyages of exploration? (1) introduction of Enlightenment ideas (2) desire to control Constantinople (3) rapid industrialization (4) need for alternate trade routes

32. Jan 2013 42. Which situation was an immediate cause for the collapse of the Aztec civilization? (1) disruption of overseas trade networks (2) conquest by foreigners (3) a series of crop failures (4) a lack of military training

33. Jan 2014 43. Which technological development enabled European navigators to determine their location during the Age of Exploration? (1) lateen sail (3) cross bow (2) Astrolabe (4) caravel

34. Aug 2013 44. One reason Spain sponsored the first voyage of Columbus to the west was to (1) find a more direct trade route to Asia (2) obtain military technology (3) make contact with the Empire of Benin (4) trade in established ports in the Americas

35. Jan 2014 45. The Encounter occurred as a result of European explorers crossing the (1) Atlantic Ocean (2) Sahara Desert (3) Andes Mountains (4) Mediterranean Sea

36. DBQ - June 2013 Technological advancements such as the combined use of the bow and the stirrup by the Mongols, the use of the caravel by the Spanish, and the use of the railroad in India have affected how certain civilizations and societies have interacted with each other. Changes have resulted from these interactions. Task: Select two technological advancements mentioned in the historical context and for each Explain how this technological advancement affected the interactions of a specific civilization or society with another group Discuss changes that resulted from these interactions

37. Treaty of Tordesillas will establish a line of demarcation between Spanish & Portuguese claims of New World

38. Major Explorers Columbus (1492) from Spain to Caribbean, hired by Isabel and Ferdinand (had done Reconquista of Spain – kicked out Muslims, Jews and Protestants) Da Gama – Portuguese – south of Africa to India Magellan – circumnavigated globe Zheng-He – Ming dynasty from China to Africa Cortes (Aztecs) and Pizarro (Inca) - conquistadors

40. Results of Exploration Columbian Exchange – food stuff and diseases exchanged between New World and Europe/Africa/Asia Triangular Trade – manufactured goods (guns) from Europe to Africa, African slaves to Caribbean for sugar plantations (Middle Passage) then molasses to Europe Encomienda – plantations using forced Native American labor African Diaspora – African slaves transported to Brazil and Caribbean Native American population declined due to disease and overwork – native culture lost

41. Columbia Exchange

43. The Spanish will establish themselves as head of the colonial government. (viceroys) Native Americans although a majority of population had no say in government. Long-lasting class resentment based on race/ethnicity Eventually will lead to revolutions to overthrow Spanish

44. Jan 2011 46. Which title best completes the partial outline below? I. ________________________________ A. Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe B. Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa C. Enslaved Africans to the Americas (1) Trade Within the Hanseatic League (2) Elements of Triangular Trade (3) Factors of Industrialization (4) Results of the Congress of Vienna

45. Jan 2011 Vasco da Gama discovered an all-water route from Europe to India. Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the globe. Isaac Newton defined the forces of gravity. 47. These events relate most directly to (1) revised understandings of natural surroundings (2) questioning the benefits of the mercantile system (3) increased suspicion between different religions (4) development of new manufacturing techniques

46. Aug 2011

47. 49. The inhumane policies of the Reconquista, pogroms, and the Holocaust were all results of (1) civil disobedience and passive resistance (2) acculturation and assimilation (3) war guilt and reparations (4) intolerance and prejudice

48. June 2013 50. The Columbian exchange is most closely associated with the beginnings of (1) mercantilism (3) mass production (2) humanism (4) scientific socialism

49. Jan 2012 51. One way in which the Atlantic slave trade and the Jewish diaspora are similar is that both (1) forced people to migrate (2) encouraged the growth of secularism (3) created conditions leading to the Encounter (4) resulted from the fall of Constantinople

50. Jan 2013 52. In the 1500s, European attempts to establish colonies in Africa were hindered by (1) the abolition of the slave trade (2) the cooperative efforts of Christian and Islamic missionaries (3) a variety of geographic obstacles in Africa (4) a widespread unified resistance by African tribal leaders

51. Jan 2011 53. Which statement accurately reflects population changes that occurred as a result of the Age of Exploration? (1) Most Latin American populations became more culturally diverse. (2) One third of Europe’s population died due to exposure to diseases from the Americas. (3) The introduction of goods from the Americas caused a decline in Asian populations. (4) Native Americans migrated to Africa causing increases in African populations.

52. June 2011

53. Jan 2011 55. One effect of the encomienda system in Latin America was that it (1) eliminated the use of guilds (2) promoted isolationism (3) exploited indigenous peoples (4) reduced Spanish influence

54. Aug 2010 56. The use of the terms Encounter and Columbian exchange represents attempts to describe the (1) nature of cultural interactions (2) establishment of land grants (3) results of scientific innovations (4) origins of divine right theory 57. The Middle Passage is best defined as (1) a route through the Swiss Alps (2) a narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water (3) the forced journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas (4) the expulsion of Muslims from Spain

55. Aug 2013 60. Which country is responsible for the extensive colonial use of the encomienda labor system? (1) England (3) the Netherlands (2) France (4) Spain

56. DBQ – Jan 2013 Historical Context: Throughout history, the need and desire for certain products has led to long-lasting effects on people, societies, and regions. Some of these products include salt, sugar, and cotton. Task: Choose two products mentioned in the historical context and for each Explain why people needed or desired this product Discuss how this product influenced a people, a society, and/or a region

57. Absolutism Rule by divine right Machiavelli – The Prince – said rulers should rule by fear not love Louis XIV – France, “Sun King” – built Palace of Versailles, “l’etat c’est moi” – revoked Edict of Nantes, never allowed Estates General Ferdinand/Isabella of Spain – Reconquista – kicked out Jews and Moors (Muslims) out of Spain, patronized Columbus’ exploration, later Phillip II – responsible for Armada Peter the Great – Russia – forced nobles to shave beards, westernize and modernize, built St. Petersburg to get “warm water port” on Baltic Sea – used serf labor, Catherine the Great “enlightened despot”

58. June 2010 67. What was a key characteristic of an absolute monarchy in the 16th and 17th centuries? (1) centralized governmental authority (2) increased political rights for peasants and serfs (3) freedom of religion (4) a system of checks and balances

59. Aug 2011 69. In The Prince, Machiavelli advises rulers to (1) seek the approval of the people (2) establish and maintain power (3) promote openness in government (4) learn and follow the commandments of the church

60. Jan 2013 70. One way in which the reigns of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great are similar is that both Leaders (1) promoted the emancipation of serfs (2) strengthened the role of the Duma and centralized royal power (3) shared their power with the Russian Orthodox Church (4) pursued a policy of westernization and expansion

61. Jan 2013 72. In The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli was most concerned with (1) the use of political power (2) the expansion of church authority (3) government regulation of the economy (4) equality and justice for all

62. Jan 2010 A DEO REX, A REGE LEX —“the king is from God, and law is from the king.” — James I 74. This quotation best reflects the concept of (1) constitutional monarchy (2) separation of powers (3) equal representation (4) divine right rule

63. Jan 2014 75. What happened in Russia as a result of actions taken by Peter the Great? (1) Russia was weakened by French invasions. (2) Catholicism was adopted as the state religion. (3) The Duma was reformed and the serfs were freed. (4) Russia borrowed Western ideas and expanded its territories.

64. Jan 2014 76. One way in which the caste system in traditional India and the Estates system of pre- revolutionary France are similar is that (1) occupations were attained by merit (2) social mobility was very limited (3) status was determined by education (4) impact on the daily lives of people was minimal

65. DBQ – June 2012 Historical Context: Throughout history, autocratic leaders have exercised authority over their countries and the lives of their people. The actions of autocratic leaders have both helped and hurt their countries and their peoples. Examples of such leaders include Emperor Shi Huangdi, Czar Peter the Great, and King Louis XIV. Task: Select two leaders mentioned in the historical context and for each Describe actions taken by the leader that show this individual was an autocrat Discuss the extent to which this leader’s use of autocratic power helped and/or hurt his country or his people

66. Limited Monarchy in England Magna Carta – 1215 Parliament – 1295 (House of Lords and House of Commoners), controlled taxation English Bill of Rights – 1688 – created after the Glorious Revolution by William and Mary

67. June 2010 79. The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 and the Glorious Revolution in 1688 were key events in English history because they resulted in (1) creating alliances with France (2) defeating Protestant nobles (3) limiting the power of the monarchy (4) annexing territory

68. Aug 2012 85. One similarity between the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights is that both documents (1) set up a two-party political system (2) placed limits on the power of the monarch (3) established the right to inherit the throne (4) guaranteed equal rights for all citizens

69. Jan 2013 86. Which institution became stronger and limited the monarchy in order to end absolutism in England? (1) banks (3) universities (2) Parliament (4) Anglican Church

70. Enlightenment Philosophical movement that says rulers rule not by divine right but by consent of the people. – used reason and logic Locke – Two Treaties on Government – believed in natural rights and democracy Montesquieu – 3 branches of government Rousseau and Hobbes – Social Contract Adam Smith – Wealth of Nations – laissez-faire economics (government should not intervene in economics)

71. June 2010 89.Many Enlightenment philosophers used reason to (1) reinforce traditional beliefs (2) strengthen religious authority (3) reveal natural laws (4) encourage censorship

72. Aug 2010 91. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both agreed that a government should be based on the (1) separation of nationalities (2) religious values of the people (3) equal distribution of wealth (4) consent of the governed

73. Aug 2011 Speaker A: I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it. Speaker B: Government has no other end, but the preservation of property. Speaker C: Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles. 92. Which historical period is best represented in the ideas expressed by these speakers? (1) Enlightenment (3) Age of Exploration (2) Counter Reformation (4) Early Middle Ages 93. Which historical figure expressed ideas that are most similar to those of Speaker B? (1) Thomas Malthus (2) John Locke (3) Peter the Great (4) Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet

74. June 2011 94. Which idea is correctly paired with a document that supports it? (1) colonialism — The Prince (2) militarism — Sadler Report (3) capitalism — Wealth of Nations (4) monotheism — The Communist Manifesto

75. June 2011 95. The English Bill of Rights and the political philosophy of John Locke both support the idea of a (1) coalition government (2) fascist dictatorship (3) Marxist dictatorship (4) limited government

76. Jan 2012

77. Jan 2013 97. Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government? (1) A government’s power comes from the consent of the people. (2) Predestination will determine who will go to heaven. (3) Famine, disease, and conflict are natural checks on population growth. (4) The have-nots will rise up and overthrow the government of the haves.

78. Aug 2012 98. Belief in the ideas of the Enlightenment and discontent within the Third Estate were causes of the (1) French Revolution (2) Counter Reformation (3) Industrial Revolution (4) Spanish Reconquista

79. Aug 2012 99. Which statement represents a key idea directly associated with John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government? (1) Freedom of speech should be denied. (2) The king’s power on Earth comes from God. (3) All people are born with the right to life, liberty, and property. (4) Individuals acting in their own self-interest will achieve economic success.

80. Aug 2013 100. Which writer opposed political absolutism? (1) Niccolò Machiavelli (2) James I (3) Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet (4) John Locke

81. June 2013 101. Which step did Catherine the Great take that is consistent with Enlightenment ideas? (1) ordering the burning of books (2) strengthening the institution of serfdom (3) expanding Russian territory into Ukraine (4) considering a law code that would treat all citizens equally

82. Aug 2013 Supported reforms Believed in natural rights and religious toleration Viewed themselves as servants of their state 102. In the 18th century, European leaders that fit these characteristics were best known as (1) theocratic monarchs (2) enlightened despots (3) totalitarian dictators (4) prime ministers

83. Jan 2014 103. Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history? (1) The factory system was used to mass-produce Goods. (2) Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. (3) Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government. (4) The Columbian exchange occurred.

84. Jan 2014 Theme: Human Rights—Justice At different times in history, individuals have defended human rights using a variety of methods. Their efforts have met with varying degrees of success. Select two individuals and for each Describe the historical circumstances that led the individual to defend human rights Describe a method the individual used to defend human rights Discuss the extent to which the individual’s effort was successful Some suggestions you might wish to consider include Bartolomé de las Casas, John Locke, Mary Wollstonecraft,

85. Thematic Jan 2010 Culture and Intellectual Life Intellectuals, philosophers, and leaders have often recorded their ideas in written works. These ideas have been used throughout history to guide societies and influence the course of national and regional development. Task: Select two intellectuals, philosophers, and/or leaders and Describe the historical circumstances surrounding this writing Describe a main idea found in this writing Discuss how this idea has influenced the development of a nation or region You may use any intellectuals, philosophers, or leaders from your study of global history. Some suggestions: Bartolomé de las Casas—Brief Report on the Destruction of the Indians, Martin Luther—Ninety-five Theses, John Locke—Two Treatises on Government, Olympe de Gouges—The Declaration of the Rights of Woman

86. Thematic – June 2010 Change — Ideas The ideas of individuals have had a significant influence on groups, nations, and regions. Task: Select two individuals and for each Explain a specific idea developed by the individual Describe the historical circumstances that surrounded the development of the idea Discuss how the idea influenced a group or a nation or a region You may use any individual whose ideas had a significant influence from your study of global history. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include Confucius, Niccolò Machiavelli, Galileo Galilei, John Locke,

87. Native Americans Mayan– polytheistic (blood sacrifices), stepped pyramid temples, ballcourts, slash and burn farming of Yucatan, hieroglyph carvings, and calendar – shows sophisticated culture Aztecs – middle of Lake Texoca – hydroponic gardens (chinampas) – made tribute states of neighboring enemies, pyramids, calendars, codex (birch-bark accordion books that show human sacrifice – Spanish will destroy). Peak under Montezuma, destroyed by Cortes Inca – Andes Mts, terrace farming, Incan Trail and suspension bridges, quipu (knotted rope), destroyed by Pizarro.

88. June 2010

89. Jan 2010

90. Spain mines silver in the Americas. The Dutch establish a colony in Southeast Asia. The English East India Company controls tea plantations in India. 106. Which policy is most closely associated with these events? (1) pacifism (3) nonalignment (2) mercantilism (4) containment

91. June 2010 107. Which factor most influenced the development of diverse cultures in pre- Columbian South America? (1) trade agreements (2) geographic features (3) imported religious ideas (4) peasant revolts

92. Jan 2011 108. One way in which the Aztec and Inca civilizations are similar is that they both (1) defeated the Spanish conquistadors (2) developed advanced architectural techniques (3) lacked strong central governments (4) settled primarily in river valleys

93. Aug 2011 109. One way the Incas adapted their environment was by (1) building a network of roads through the mountains (2) growing rice as a major agricultural product (3) establishing an encomienda system (4) creating floating gardens

94. Aug 2011... It recounts the life of the officials, the notaries, the deputies, the proprietors of Indian labour, the priests, the miners and the Spaniards who travel from post to post along the roads and rivers of Peru; the visitors, the judges, the Indian chiefs and their subjects, including the very poor. In my work I have always tried to obtain the most truthful accounts, accepting those which seemed to be substantial and which were confirmed from various sources. I have only reported those facts which several people agreed upon as being true.... — Huamán Poma, Letter to a King: A Peruvian Chief’s Account of Life Under the Incas and Under Spanish Rule, E. P. Dutton 110. This author is describing the process he used in (1) formulating a scientific theory from earlier experiments (2) developing a historical account from primary sources (3) comparing details of differing religions (4) explaining the importance of obeying laws 111. According to this author, accounts used in making statements of fact must be (1) brief (3) verified (2) interesting (4) unbiased

95. June 2012 112. One way in which the people of the Tibetan kingdom and the people of the Inca Empire are similar is that they (1) developed coastal ports (2) adapted mountainous terrains (3) designed ships to conduct global trade (4) introduced camel caravans as their primary form of transportation

96. June 2012 113. A study of the achievements of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures would show that they (1) sustained dense populations through intensive agriculture (2) engaged in an extensive exploration of the Pacific Ocean (3) built vehicles with wheels to transport goods (4) developed rice paper and wood-block printing

97. June 2012 … In addition, after the last battle they were afraid of the horses and guns, of our swords and crossbows and our good fighting. Above all was the great mercy of God, Who gave us the strength to keep on.… — Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The Bernal Díaz Chronicles, Doubleday & Company 114. In this passage about a conflict in Mexico, whose perspective is being expressed? (1) Aztec warrior (2) Spanish conquistador (3) Portuguese explorer (4) Inca emperor 115. According to this author, which factors were influencing the outcome of the conflict? (1) efficiency and education (2) climate and disease (3) tribute and tradition (4) technology and fear

98. June 2013 116. Which statement best describes Aztec civilization at the time of the Encounter? (1) Small groups of nomadic clans competed for food. (2) Various ethnic groups had representation in a legislative body. (3) Absence of a social class structure created unsettled living conditions. (4) Advanced agricultural practices supported large urban centers. The Americas are referred to as the “New World.” Eastern Asia is referred to as the “Far East.” Southwest Asia is referred to as part of the “Middle East.” 117. Whose perspective is best represented by these regional place names? (1) Chinese (3) European (2) African (4) Indian

99. Jan 2013 118. Which situation was an immediate cause for the collapse of the Aztec civilization? (1) disruption of overseas trade networks (2) conquest by foreigners (3) a series of crop failures (4) a lack of military training

100. June 2013 119. Why is Catholicism a major religion practiced in Latin America? (1) Spain conquered and colonized much of Latin America. (2) Disputes over international boundaries within Latin America were settled by the pope. (3) The traditional beliefs of Africans were incorporated into the cultures of Latin America. (4) The Church provided Latin America with a strong central government.

101. Jan 2014 … In the 1930s, Sylvanus G. Morley of Harvard, probably the most celebrated Mayanist of his day, espoused [argued for] what is still the best-known theory: The Maya collapsed because they overshot the carrying capacity of their environment. They exhausted their resource base, began to die of starvation and thirst, and fled their cities en masse, leaving them as silent warnings of the perils of ecological hubris [overconfidence].… — Charles C. Mann, 120. According to this passage, what was a major question Morley was trying to answer about the Mayas in the 1930s? (1) Why did the Mayas abandon their cities? (2) What was the structure of the Maya governments? (3) How did religious beliefs affect the Maya economy? (4) Which neighboring city-state conquered the Mayas?

102. Aug 2013 … At Tenochtitlán, the Aztecs perfected an unusual method of farming. They built huge rafts, covered them with earth, and floated them on the lake. On these chinampas, or “floating islands,” they grew enough maize and vegetables to feed their expanding population comfortably. Eventually, roots from the tree rafts attached themselves to the bottom of the shallow lake to become permanent foundations for buildings.… — Lois Athey 121. Which conclusion is best supported by the information in this passage? (1) The Aztecs terraced the land. (2) Large plantations provided food for the markets. (3) The Aztecs were limited to subsistence farming. (4) Environmental adaptation aided economic development.

103. DBQ – Jan 2014 throughout history, people have changed their environments to meet their needs. These changes have had both positive and negative effects on people, societies, and regions. Examples include the development of irrigation in ancient Egypt, the construction of chinampas by the Aztecs, and the mining of coal in Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution. Select two changes people have made to their environment mentioned in the historical context and for each Explain why this change to their environment was needed Discuss how this change affected people, a society, and/or a region

104. Gunpowder Empires Islamic – based on trade with lots of cultural diffusion leading to golden ages of math, science, etc. Ottoman – sultans, harem, Mehmet II took over Constantinople with cannon, Suleiman – absolute monarch w/golden age – will be cut out of trade by European exploration – will attempt to take over Mediterranean stopped by Phillip II Safavid – shiites – modern Iran, shah Moguls – Taj Mahal, Akbar – religious tolerance, Aurangzeb – ended sati and religious persecution of Hindus

105. East Asia Ming – Zheng-He world explorer – wanted to expand trade but bankrupted dynasty Qing – foreign Manchus, forced Chinese to wear queues. Emperor Kanxi – absolutist Tokugawa Japan – Edict of Seclusion

106. Aug 2013 122. The Ming dynasty under Emperor Yonglo (Zhu di) used Zheng He’s voyages to (1) expand trade with Africa and Southeast Asia (2) explore North America and South America (3) obtain a military alliance with Russia (4) secure a border agreement with Mongolia

107. Jan 2014 123. For which achievement is Suleiman the Magnificent best known? (1) building the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (2) spreading Christianity into the Balkan Peninsula (3) conquering the Russian capital of Moscow (4) uniting the Ottoman Empire under an efficient government structure

108. Jan 2014 124. One similarity in the rule of Akbar the Great and the rule of Elizabeth I is that both leaders implemented policies that encouraged (1) compulsory education (2) military disarmament (3) voter participation (4) religious toleration

109. Aug 2013 125. One way in which Akbar the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent, and Philip II are similar is that they (1) attempted to colonize the Americas (2) supported democratic reforms in their countries (3) tried to make Christianity the dominant religion of Asia (4) controlled large empires at the height of their power

110. June 2013 126. Which event marked the rise in power of the Ottoman Empire in 1453? (1) birth of Muhammad (2) conquest of Constantinople (3) siege of Vienna (4) death of Saladin

111. June 2013 127. The restoration of Chinese rule, the voyages of Zheng He, and the reintroduction of civil service examinations are all associated with the (1) Ming dynasty (3) Songhai Empire (2) Abbassid dynasty (4) Delhi sultanate

112. June 2013 128. Which form of government is associated with the reigns of Suleiman the Magnificent, Akbar the Great, and Peter the Great? (1) constitutional monarchy (2) direct democracy (3) theocracy (4) absolute monarchy

113. Aug 2012 129. The location of the Ottoman Empire had an impact on the (1) trade between Europe and Asia (2) conquest of Spain by the Muslims (3) spread of Buddhism into Southeast Asia (4) decline in the Atlantic slave trade 130. The rule of Akbar the Great is important because he (1) admired legalism and emphasized oppression (2) recognized natural laws and supported democracy (3) accepted diversity and practiced religious toleration (4) supported equality and outlawed the caste system

114. June 2012 131. Which factor most contributed to the cultural diversity of the Ottoman Empire? (1) legal system based on the Qur’an (Koran) (2) central location spanning Europe, Africa, and Asia (3) alliances with the Russians and Hapsburgs (4) reliance on colonies in the Americas

115. Jan 2012 132. One similarity in the policies of Louis XIV and of Suleiman the Magnificent is that both leaders (1) expanded their empires in the Americas (2) encouraged the growth of democracy (3) increased the power of their central governments (4) abolished the bureaucracy

116. Aug 2011 133.During the Ming dynasty, why did China enjoy a favorable balance of trade with Europe? (1) The Ming dynasty imported numerous manufactured goods from Europe. (2) China exported large quantities of opium to European traders. (3) Chinese silk continued to be in high demand in Europe. (4) The Ming dynasty paid tribute to European traders.

117. Aug 2011 134. Akbar the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent, and Louis XIV are all rulers associated with (1) natural rights (3) religious toleration (2) filial piety (4) absolutism

118. Jan 2010 The Ming emperor banned the building of large oceangoing ships in 1433. The Tokugawa shogun issued the Act of Seclusion in 1636. 135. One way in which these historical occurrences are similar is that both led to increased (1) social mobility (3) cultural diffusion (2) globalization (4) isolation

119. June 2011 136. One way in which the Ming dynasty in the early 1400s and the Spanish monarchy in the late 1400s are similar is that both governments (1) promoted religious diversity (2) encouraged democratic reforms (3) emphasized equal rights for women (4) supported the expansion of overseas trade

120. June 2011 Captured the city of Constantinople in 1453 Benefited from rich trade along the Mediterranean Sea Ruled by Suleiman the Lawgiver 137. Which empire best fits these descriptions? (1) Roman (3) Mongol (2) Ottoman (4) Songhai

121. June 2011 138. One way in which Akbar the Great, Ivan the Terrible, and Louis XIV are similar is that they were all (1) theocratic rulers (3) absolute rulers (2) elected leaders (4) enlightened despots

122. Jan 2011 139. By closing Japanese harbors to most foreigners in the 1600s, the Tokugawa shogunate attempted to (1) protect Japan from European influence (2) increase Japanese agricultural production (3) eliminate Japan’s influence on Southeast Asia (4) destroy traditional Japanese culture

123. Jan 2011 140. The Ottomans were a strong trading empire through the mid-1600s because they (1) controlled access to the eastern Mediterranean Sea (2) had the most powerful navy in the world (3) dominated West African caravan routes (4) conquered most of Asia

124. June 2011 Captured the city of Constantinople in 1453 Benefited from rich trade along the Mediterranean Sea Ruled by Suleiman the Lawgiver 141. Which empire best fits these descriptions? (1) Roman (3) Mongol (2) Ottoman (4) Songhai

125. Jan 2010 142. One way in which Suleiman the Magnificent and Akbar the Great are similar is that they both brought about periods of (1) political stability and religious tolerance (2) religious conquest and persecution (3) isolationism and cultural stagnation (4) modernization and political disunity

126. DBQ – Aug 2011 For a variety of reasons, groups have set out to conquer other regions or people using various methods of force. These groups include the Mongols, the Spanish, and the Ottoman. Their conquests have had an impact on both the conqueror and the conquered. Task: Choose two groups engaged in conquest mentioned in the historical context and for each Explain a reason for the conquest Explain how the conquest was achieved Discuss an impact of the conquest