1. DNA Fingerprinting 1.How do we do it ? 2. What do we use it for?

2. DNA Fingerprinting – How it’s done... 1. DNA has two complementary strands

3. 2. Extract DNA from cells – e.g. A blood sample containing white blood cells

4. 3. Isolate DNA from cells & cut up DNA using enzymes

5. 4. Heat DNA = single strands

6. 5. Gene probe made = single strand complementary to part of DNA A fluorescent marker is added to it

7. 6. Gene probe mixed with DNA sample Probe binds to complementary base sequence that is being looked for

8. 7. DNA & probe is separated using gel electrophoresis Smaller fragments travel further through the gel 50 second animation – gel electrophoresis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSwlCk_Z02c

9. 8. UV Light shone on sample – locates fragments with fluorescent marker Smaller fragments travel further through the gel

10. Uses of DNA Fingerprinting

12. DNA Fingerprinting Naked Science video 5 mins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxWXCT9wVoI Slightly more involved video 6 mins http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=fvwp&v=DbR9xMXuK7c

13. Nanotechnology 1.How small is a nanometre? 2.Size-wise....What could you compare it to?

14. 1 millionth of a mm!

15. 1.Use particles around 100 nanometres long/wide. About the same size as some molecules. 2.Human hair is 100 thousand nanometres in diameter! Nanotechnology

16. 1.Silver particles embedded in plastic reduce microbial growth 2. Food wrapping films that change colour e.g. when; Antibodies react with bacteria in food Nanoparticles react with oxygen – sign of damage Ripening fruit release gases Nanotechnology

17. 1.Used to treat leukaemia – cancer of blood or bone marrow 2.Have potential to treat spinal cord injuries 3.In future, may be used to treat Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes. Stem Cells (B1 & B5)

18. 1. Replace heart valves Biomedical Engineering BUPA animation – 3 mins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkW1smPoXKA

19. 1.Artificial pacemakers in heart Biomedical Engineering http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjW5- pU0nBs