1. Local Plans, Regulations, or Policies Supporting Green Infrastructure City and County of Honolulu Department of Facility Maintenance – Storm Water Quality Randall Wakumoto, P.E., Branch Head
PLEASE HELP PROTECT OUR WATERS…FOR LIFE NOAA GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE WORKSHOP October 2015

2. Non-Point Source Pollution
surface runoff
drain
collect
collect
It’s called illicit discharge
…chemicals and such as: mixes with storm water on its way to the catch basins resulting in
It’s called illicit discharge and or less formally known as storm water pollution.
Consisting of
- litter and debris
Litter and Debris:
Paper, aluminum cans, styrofoam cups, and other discarded items
Transported by wind and storm water into the storm water drainage system
Can obstruct storm water drainage system
Petroleum Products:
Leaks from vehicles and equipment
Fueling, changing oil, vehicle washing
Asphalt (especially cold mix)
Metals:
Dissolved and particulate metals
Sources include:
Pesticides
Fuel combustion
Brake pad wear (copper)
Metal corrosion
Pressure treated and creosote posts (arsenic)
Paints (pigments/metals)
Organic Compounds:
Solvents/epoxy
Paints
Crack and joint repair
Nutrients:
Nitrogen and phosphorous are used by aquatic plants
High levels may increase the growth of algae
Lowers dissolved oxygen
fertilizers
decaying plant materials, animal waste
gasoline and diesel exhaust (nitrous oxides)
pH:
Alkalinity or acidity may affect aquatic organisms and damage equipment
pH can be affected by:
Cracked batteries
Concrete wastes
As we saw in the previous slide this all ends up in the receiving waters too….and we see this…
And instead of storm water in receiving waters we get storm water pollution
ILLICIT DISCHARGE

3. Water Pollution
As a results instead of the receiving waters looking like this we get this
Forty percent of all U.S. waters do not meet federal water quality standards, according to the U.S. EPA
Approximately 2,704 miles of 3,904 total miles of streams does not meet State Water Quality Standards
“Even a partial accounting shows that hundreds of millions of dollars are lost each year….due to urban storm water pollution”
Natural Resources Defense Council

4. STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM REQUIRED ELEMENTS
Public Participation & Outreach
Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping
Construction Site Runoff Control
Post Construction Storm Water Management
It’s made of several parts
Illicit Discharge Detection & Elimination
Industrial & Commercial Discharge
Monitoring & Implementation Plans

5. Post Construction Storm Water Management
Reducing pollutant discharge from new development & redevelopment construction sites
Pollution Prevention BMPs
Site Design BMPs
Structural Source Control BMPs
Develop, implement and enforce a Program to address storm water runoff from new development and redevelopment projects to ensure permanent controls (post-construction BMPs) are in place to prevent or minimize water quality impacts to the MEP.
The Program includes:
Standards Revision
Action Plan for retrofitting Structural BMPs
Review of Plans for Post-Construction BMPs
Operation, Maintenance and Inspection Database
Training and Education
Treatment BMPs

6. MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM
BACKGROUND
MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM
MS4 PERMIT
Reissued JAN 15, 2015
Permit Became Effective on FEB. 16, 2015
Permit Exprires on JAN 15, 2020
The City is also subject to conditions of this permit because of the discharges from their MS4.
Discharges from the City’s MS4 system must be regulated too.
And since the City’s MS4 discharges into waters of the United States they are subject to the requirements of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
The City is required to obtain a permit for it’s MS4
discharge
(MS4)
RECEIVING WATERS

7. BACKGROUND EPA MS4 Audit conducted on April 23-25, 2013
City received a Notice of Apparent Violation Letter on October 16, 2013
Post Construction BMP Program – Potential Violations
Inadequate Training for City Inspectors
Exemptions under Current City Revised Drainage Standards
Inconsistent application of LIDs for smaller sites
Lack of guidance for preferential BMPs
The City is also subject to conditions of this permit because of the discharges from their MS4.
Discharges from the City’s MS4 system must be regulated too.
And since the City’s MS4 discharges into waters of the United States they are subject to the requirements of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
The City is required to obtain a permit for it’s MS4

8. Revised Drainage Standards
Current City Revised Drainage Standards became effective on June 1, 2013
Deadline to submit revised standards up
to 18 months after effective date of permit
(~August 2016)
Training provided by City’s Consultants, AECOM on the revised drainage standards to various design consultants and landscape architects on the effective changes. Training was held on April 15, 16, 17 and 18 at Neal Blaisdell Center and BIA Training Center of the Pacific in Waipahu.

9. CURRENT Drainage Standards Summary
Priority
Description A1
Disturb ≥ 5 acres of land during construction A2
Disturb acres of land during construction B
Disturb < 1 acre during construction, create at least 10,000 sq-ft of total impervious surface, and is a Retail Gas Station, Auto Repair Shop, Restaurant and Parking Lot

10. REVISED Drainage Standards Summary
Priority
Description A
Disturb ≥ 5 1 acres of land during construction A2
Disturb acres of land during construction B
Disturbs < 1 acre during construction, has at least 10,000 sq-ft of total impervious surface, and is a Retail Gas Station, Auto Repair Shop, Restaurant, Parking Lot, Retail
Mall, Industrial Park, Building > 100 ft tall

11. BMP Sizing Criteria BMP Type Sizing Criteria Volume Based
Rainfall depth of 1 inch
Flow Based
Rainfall intensity of 0.4 in/hr
Area Based
10% of contributing area or
100% of contributing flow path
Demand Based
80% of total annual runoff is captured
and
80% of total annual reuse demand is met

12. Alternative Compliance Options
Either Harvest/Reuse or Treat on-site with non-LID BMPs, any portion of the WQV that is not retained or biofiltered
Detention Basin
Sand Filter
Manufactured Treatment Device (eg, hydrodynamic separator)
Retain or biofilter at an offsite location, the volume of runoff equivalent to the portion of the WQV that was not retained and/or biofiltered on-site
Proposed location must be approved by City
Applicant responsible for all costs, including maintenance

13. Source Control BMPs
Low-technology practices designed to prevent pollutants from contacting storm water runoff and/or prevent discharge of contaminated runoff to the MS4
Stenciling storm drain inlets
Covering fueling and storage areas
Grading dumpster, fueling, and storage areas to prevent run-on & runoff
Using dumpsters with lids
Paving high risk areas with concrete instead of asphalt
Gas station, Kapolei, HI

14. Treatment Control BMPs
Flow through based practices designed to settle, filter and remove pollutants within storm water runoff
Catch Basin Inlet Filters
Hydrodynamic Separators
Vegetative Buffer Strips
Vegetative Swales
Catch Basin Filter
CDS Hydrodynamic Separator

15. Low Impact Development (LID) BMPs
LID treatment measures include harvesting and reuse, infiltration, evapotranspiration or biotreatment of storm water runoff as close to its source
Infiltration Basins
Bioretention
Green Roofs
Permeable Pavement
Cisterns/Rain Barrels
Green Roof
Cistern

16. LID Site Design Strategies
Conserve Natural Areas, Soils, and Vegetation
Minimize Disturbances to Natural Drainages
Minimize Soil Compaction
Minimize Impervious Surfaces
Direct Runoff to Landscaped Areas

17. Why LID’s? 117 waterbodies on 2014 303(d) List
non-LID BMPs don’t address Pollutants of Concern
117 waterbodies on (d) List
319 total pollutant listings
Not removed by non-LID BMPs
Removed by non-LID BMPs

18. LID Flow Reduction Benefits
Infiltration
Permeable Pavement
Bioretention
Green Roof
Enhanced Swale
Harvesting/Reuse
Downspout Disconnect
Vegetated Swale
Detention Basin
Sand Filter
MTD 20 40 60 80
100
Percent Runoff Reduction*
*Center for Watershed Protection, 2008

19. LID Additional Benefits

20. Storm Drainage Standards Update
LID Requirements for all new development and redevelopment projects greater than 1 acre (Priority A and B)
Expand the types of smaller projects for post-construction BMPs
(Priority B) to include
Parking Lots greater than 20 stalls
Buildings greater than 100-feet tall
Retail Malls
Industrial Parks
Require 1.5x the Water Quality Volume (WQV) for any treat and release practices (i.e. biofiltration)

21. Storm Drainage Standards Update (Cont’d)
Requirement to prepare a separate Post-Construction BMP Plan that identifies both LID, Treatment and Source Control BMPs on the drawing
Requirement for submitting a Storm Water Applicability Checklist that prioritizes and identifies the need, type and location for permanent post-construction BMPs.
Requirement for submitting Storm Water Checklist for all applicable projects that includes O&M Plan outlining inspection and maintenance responsibilities.
Certificate of Completion similar to what is implemented in Los Angeles
Storm Water Applicability Checklist similar to what is implemented in San Diego

22. Storm Drainage Standards Update (Cont’d)
Expand on City’s Storm Water BMP Guide to include a risk ranking process (low, medium and high) for prioritizing BMP selection that factors in maintenance performance and pollutant removal effectiveness for site specific pollutants of concern.
Requirement for submitting a Covenant Master Agreement or similar document that must be signed by the owner/developer or authorized representative.
Requirement for a Certificate of Completion to be signed prior to permit closure to confirm that the BMPs have been installed in conformance to the approved construction plans.
Certificate of Completion similar to what is implemented in Los Angeles
Storm Water Applicability Checklist similar to what is implemented in San Diego

23. Grass Pavers and Vegetative Swales
Waikiki Shell / Kapiolani Park Parking Lot
Grass Pavers and Vegetative Swales

24. Waimanalo (Kumuhao Street)
Biofiltration Swales

25. Vegetative Buffer Strips
Ala Wai Golf Course
Vegetative Buffer Strips
Before we get into anything you need to ensure sure that your facility isn’t in violation.

26. Graveled Infiltration Trench
Maili Beach Park Parking Lot
Graveled Infiltration Trench

27. HPD Kalihi Police Station
Biofiltration Swale

28. LID Considerations
Plan ahead and coordinate with design team (i.e. soils engineer, landscape architect, structural engineer, etc.) to bring them on board as early as possible
Evaluate site specific conditions to identify pollutant sources and pollutants of concern when selecting LID options, as well as consider site constraints that could make implementing LID infeasible
Develop detailed language in specifications that outlines contractor responsibilities when installing any LID designs
Heavily factor in operations and maintenance activities when selecting LID and establish programs and funding alternatives with client in advance to address this critical issue

29. Honolulu Zoo Parking Lot – Bioretention (Rain Gardens)
Maintenance is Critical
BEFORE
AFTER

30. Public Education and Outreach
Knowledge and Awareness leads to change

31. QUESTIONS
Let’s keep our waters clean so everyone can continue to live and thrive in them

32. THANK YOU For More Information: 768-3300 www.cleanwaterhonolulu.com
RANDALL WAKUMOTO, BRANCH HEAD
Storm Water Quality Branch
Ph:
City & County of Honolulu
Department of Facility Maintenance
Environmental Concern Line