1. Bilingual Education in China: Minority Ethnic Groups
Kaijun Lin
SLS 380

2. Research Question?
How does five autonomous regions bilingual education differ from other provinces?
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
Tibet Autonomous Region
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

3. Reason know about other prvinces bilingual education
minority ethnic groups students' bilingual school
additive and subtractive contexts
transitional bilingual education

5. Tibetans of Qinghai Province
‘Han Chinese look down on us’
‘do not know or care about minorities, their language and culture’
‘Han immigrants take the best job’
Hindered
Teachers have left to search for better-paid jobs
Live in Remote areas

6. Chinese Constitution ‘All of the nationalities of China are equal’
‘Every ethnic minority is use and develop their language’
In Article 37, ‘In schools where the majority of students belong to an ethnic minority, the language of textbooks and instruction should be the language of that minority, if conditions permit. The Chinese language should be taught in the last two years of primary school and in middle school order to promote the national language.’
Article 49 states, ‘The administration of autonomous regions should encourage the study of ethnic languages. Chinese cadres should learn the local language of the ethnic group, and the cadres of ethnic minorities, while studying their own language, shall also learn to speak and write the standard national language.’

7. Bilingual patterns differs from place to place
population distribution
living environment
cultural development

8. Bilingual Practice in Ethnic-Minority Areas
The majority use the ethnic language
only a minority are bilingual
with a number of adults being bilingual
ethnic language
adults being bilingual
minority are bilingual

9. Bilingual Practice in Ethnic-Minority Areas
In most parts of the region people use their own ethnic language, but a small part of the population of the region is bilingual, also speaking Chinese or another ethnic language
Ethnic people are bilingual, speaking their own language and Chinese or another ethnic language
ethnic language
Chinese +
another ethnic language

10. Bilingual Practice in Ethnic-Minority Areas
adopted the Chinese language
ethnic groups
Chinese

11. Bilingual Programs
Ethnic Language
High School
Primary School

12. Bilingual Programs
from the 2nd or 3rd grade of primary school to the end of middle school
Law
science
Chinese Language
literature
Math

13. Bilingual Programs
1st and 2nd grade students use ethnic language textbooks only

14. Bilingual Programs Rural Areas Urban Areas Ethnic Language+
Chinese

15. Bilingual Programs In the first year of primary school
two periods of spoken Chinese
Chinese
ethnic language
Chinese

16. Biligual Program In preschool 6 months or 1 year ethnic language
Chinese
primary school