2. xplomet Robert BAŃSKI Politechnika Opolska - 1 - Practical aspects of structural tests of titanium- steel bonds made by explosive cladding and exposed to process thermal loads Maria SOZAŃSKAPolitechnika Śląska Zygmunt SZULC, Aleksander GAŁKA Zakład Technologii Wysokoenergetycznych „EXPLOMET” Gałka, Szulc, Sp.j.

3. Subject about which we will not talking About cladding elements to process apparatus About cladding for electrotechnic, electrometallurgy and electrochemistry About cladding bars, tubes and others… elementów.. - 2 -

4. Subject about which we will not talking ETJ – Electric Transition Joints About conductive rails for electrolysers of chlorine About Electrical Transition Joints (ETJ) STJ – Structural Transition Joints - 3 - About Structural Transition Joints (STJ)

5. Tube sheet Reactor THIS WHAT WILL BE TALKING ABOUT ? First we have to make cladding plate : ASME SA-240 304 L + ASME SB 265 Gr.1, and later …. there is a question, is this should be heat treated or not?

6. CONTROL OF SET AND PROCESS - 5 - Control of explosive’s thickness Measurement of detonation speed in productive set Making cladding of Ti Gr.1 + 304 L (6 + 95 mm)

7. 6 And we back to the question, if cladding plate Ti Gr.1 + 304L should be heat treated or not? From cladding plate in sizes: (6+95) x 3150 x 3150 mm was taken test plate and test samples.

8. Number of test plate Parameters of Heat Treatment Results ofmechanical test Temp. [  C] Time [h] Rs– sheartest [MPa] / średnia Ro– tensiletest [MPa] / średnia Without HT With HT Without HT With HT P158/2/2/PO1 540 1 441 302 309 181 P158/2/2/PO2 540 2 385 332 408 298 P158/2/2/PO3 610 2 406 324 374 212 P158/2/2/PO4 650 4 360 292 220 140 TEST’S - 7 - We are making heat treatments and mechanical property tests Result’s of Test

9. - 8 - TEST’S Microhardness

10. - 9 - TEST’S Microhardness in meltings area 188 HV 0,1 185 HV 0,1 393 HV 0,1 354 HV 0,1 429 HV 0,1 408 HV 0,1 183 HV 0,1 178 HV 0,1 172 HV 0,1 423 HV 0,1 327 HV 0,1 468 HV 0,1 988 HV 0,1 707 HV 0,1 P158/2/2/PO1C 150x 1mm 165 HV 0,1 1mm 398 HV 0,1 1mm 147 HV 0,1 1mm 331 HV 0,1 P158/2/2/PO2C 100x 183 HV 0,1 172 HV 0,1 182 HV 0,1 188 HV 0,1 193 HV 0,1 418 HV 0,1 475 HV 0,1 423 HV 0,1 417 HV 0,1 412 HV 0,1 449 HV 0,1 418 HV 0,1 179 HV 0,1 439 HV 0,1 450 HV 0,1 393 HV 0,1 403 HV 0,1 191 HV 0,1 439 HV 0,1 450 HV 0,1 191 HV 0,1 179 HV 0,1 935 HV 0,1 403 HV 0,1 670 HV 0,1 P158/2/2/PO2C 300x 423 HV 0,1 324 HV 0,1 308 HV 0,1 191 HV 0,1 165 HV 0,1 153 HV 0,1 173 HV 0,1 389 HV 0,1 181 HV 0,1 272 HV 0,1 363 HV 0,1 283 HV 0,1 251 HV 0,1 164 HV 0,1 167 HV 0,1 240 HV 0,1 1mm 171 HV 0,1 P158/2/2/PO3C 100x 989 HV 0,1 1mm 331 HV 0,1

11. TEST’S - 10 - Structural tests 304L; intergranular corrosion. 304 L Temp. [  C] Time [h] P158/2/2xxx P158/2/2/PO15401 P158/2/2/PO25402 P158/2/2/PO36102

12. - 11 - TEST’S STRUCTURE OF BOND, DIFFUSSION LAYER

13. - 12 - TEST’S SCHEDULE OF ELEMENTS IN DIFFUSSION LAYER SCHEDULE OF CARBON CONTENTS IN DIFFUSSION LAYER

14. - 13 - TEST’S CHANGE OF SCHEDULE OF ELEMENTS IN DIFFUSION LAYER AFTER HEAT TRAETMENT ACCUMULATION OF CARBON IN DIFFUSSION LAYER

15. - 14 - TEST’S Conclusions 1.HEAT TREATMENT MAKES DECREASING HARDENING IN BOTH MATERIALS AND IN BOND ZONE. Positive… BECAUSE OF OBSERVED DECREASNG OF STRENGTH OF BOND ZONE AND BECASUE OF UNPROFITABLE PHENOMENONS DESCRIBED IN POINT 2 AND 3 IN CONCLUSIONS, HEAT TRAETMENT OF CLADS TITANIUM – AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL SEEMS TO BE INEXPEDIENT. 2.ACCUMULATION OF CARBON IN DIFFUSSION LAYER CAN MAKE INCREASING OF ITS FRAGILE WHAT MEANS ALSO DECREASING OF BOND STRENGHT Negative … 3. ECXALATION OF CHROMIUM CARBIDE ON THE BORDER OF GRAINS IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL CAN MAKE DECREASING ITS RESISTANCE FOR INTERGRANULAR CORROSION Negative …

16. COMPANY CHARACTERISTIC xplomet Zakład Technologii Wysokoenergetycznych „EXPLOMET” Gałka, Szulc Sp.j. High-Energy Techniques Works Employment: 6 workers Seat: 860 m 2, including: room and workshop, social back-up facilities, store rooms, offices. Company details: Address:ul. Oświęcimska 100H, 45-641 Opole, POLAND Tel.: +48 (077) 45 17 817; 45 17 818; 45 17 819 45 62 374, Fax: +48 (077) 45 62 511 E-mail: explomet@op.onet.pl ; biuro@explomet.pl; http:// www.explomet.plexplomet@op.onet.plbiuro@explomet.plwww.explomet.plSME - 15 -

17. - 16 - W prezentacji wykorzystano materiały firmy EXPLOMET S.C. oraz Politechniki Opolskiej Thank you for attention……