1. Gas System Safety & Best Practices: Initial Lit Review A.Warburton 2013.10.22 1

2. Approach Be aware of standard practices and safety principles now or ASAP To the extent possible: – Minimize “reinventing wheels” – Seek official published advice Always: Safety First! These slides: constitute an initial record of links/info 2

3. Initial Literature Search Mostly NIMA (Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A) Content primarily performance-oriented Much design and safety documentation is local to technical reports within the major labs 3

4. Natural Choice: Check CERN First More readily specific to our application than generic industrial sources Where necessary, we must be prepared to reconcile with local (McGill/QC/CDN) practices CERN Safety Rules Pages: – Home page: http://safety-rules.web.cern.ch/safety- rules/documents2/home_doc.htmlhttp://safety-rules.web.cern.ch/safety- rules/documents2/home_doc.html – Chemical, Cryogenic and Biological Safety: http://safety-rules.web.cern.ch/safety- rules/documents2/Chemical_Biolo_Cryo.html http://safety-rules.web.cern.ch/safety- rules/documents2/Chemical_Biolo_Cryo.html 4

5. Comments on CERN Safety Rules Over last decade or so: altered to align with EC’s “European Regulations and Directives” Relevant to our work: “General Safety Instruction GSI-C2: Explosive Atmospheres” (see https://edms.cern.ch/file/1113408/LAST_RELEAS ED/GSI-C2_E.pdf) https://edms.cern.ch/file/1113408/LAST_RELEAS ED/GSI-C2_E.pdf Item 3 in the above document mentions that it supersedes a previous “Flammable Gas (Safety Code G)” (see https://edms.cern.ch/document/335730/2.01) https://edms.cern.ch/document/335730/2.01 5

6. Flammable Gas Safety Manual 79 pages, Annex A of superseded Flammable Gas Safety Code G Since Code G is no longer in force, its Annex A must be used with caution (for information only) Have not yet found a current/official analogue It is the most useful doc I’ve found so far… Link (accessed 2013.10.22) [see TOC]: http://safety-commission.web.cern.ch/safety- commission/safetyplan/flammgasman-e.pdf http://safety-commission.web.cern.ch/safety- commission/safetyplan/flammgasman-e.pdf 6

7. Sections of Note (Flamm. Gas Safety Manual) 14.3 (p. 32), Gas Mixers, 2 nd paragraph: “the higher the temperature [liquid n-pentane] the greater the take-up of the vapour from the liquid” -> Idea: maintain reservoir slightly above room temp? Annex A2 “Typical Examples of Gas Mixing and Distribution Systems”, Figs. 1, 2, and 4 7

8. Generic Single-Pass System, with Liquid Evaporation 8

9. Remarks CERN doc’s look useful and relevant Need to be cognizant about the currency of these doc’s, as well as local rules We appear to be on the right track More detailed look is needed 9