1. Role of Social Enterprises in Employment Generation in CEE And The CIS - National Study in Serbia – Marija Babovic

2. Main findings Social entrepreneurship does exist, despite unfavourable framework. Non-profit sector is dominant. Many organisations depend of donor support. There are new markets. There are new and undiscovered fields

3. Approach to SEs sector Social context (labor market, institutional and legal framework, economic conditions, profit sector, socio-cultural capital Demand side: Marginalized groups Local community Global society Supply side: Diversity of organizational forms - more embryonic than developed SEs

4. Vulnerable groups GroupsApproximate sizeUnemployment rate Refugees from Croatia and BiH107 00032% Internally displaced persons from Kosovo 200 00032% Returnees from Western Europeunknown- Persons with disabilities760 000- Roma population108 000 – 400 00039% Unemployed older than 50190 000- Different categories of women: with low education, self- supporting mothers, women from rural areas, victims of violence, victims of trafficking unknown-

5. Present SEs forms Legal and functional criteria Legal form Types Association of citizens- Voluntary organizations - self-help organizations - Religious organizations - Microfinance organizations Cooperative- agricultural cooperatives - women’s cooperatives - social cooperative Limited liability company - SME Agency - Incubator - Spinn off enterprises Joint stock companySpinn off enterprises Vocational enterprises for handicapped

6. Voluntary organizations 1.self-help organisations incorporating beneficiary group 2.socially (externally) oriented organisations - oriented towards external goals and groups: a)organisations oriented towards strictly defined target group b) organisations oriented towards several target groups or towards general local development

7. Example of self help organization Massage saloon of Belgrade Association of Blind Persons

8. Examples of socially oriented organizations Agronetwork Microfins

9. Cooperatives 1.Agricultural cooperatives 2.Women's cooperatives, created by efforts of women's NGOs 3.Social cooperatives, created to economically and socially integrate extremely marginalized groups of persons with disabilities

10. Social cooperative “Vivere”

11. Enterprises for vocational training and employment of persons with disabilities  Protective institutional framework  Small number of succesfull, privatized  Majority faces typical problems of untransformed social sector: –poor management –poor level of training and the lack of motivation of employees –technological obsoleteness –activities that generate operating losses –physical conditions for work not adapted to persons with disability

12. Social entrepreneurship within forms of enterprises Spin-off enterprises of voluntary organizations SME agencies Business incubators

13. Main obstacles and potentials Obstacles Unfavourable legal framework Low level of awareness about SEs potentials and posibilities among all stakeholders Prevailing of traditional model of solidarity Low aspirations of profit sector to develop interests in social economy Potentials High level of needs on demand side (marginalized groups) Experienced, flexible, inovative part of third sector

14. Priorities:  Creating more favorable legal framework  Promoting SEs among third sector organizations with adequate potential – focusing mostly on organizations that can directly employ members of vulnerable groups  Spreading information on good practices among profit sector, third sector, state actors, local communities and general public