1. Buying and Selling Bonds Lesson 13.2

2. Purchasing bonds through the Federal Reserve You can buy savings bonds and Treasury securities through the FED The FED will mail you an application and you will send your check or money order back with your application The FED uses a system called Treasury Direct to record and store data about Treasury securities and their owners

3. Treasury Direct System Securities can be bought online through Treasury Direct at www.treasurydirect.govwww.treasurydirect.gov Interest (and principal when bond matures) earned is deposited directly into your account With Treasury Direct, you can reinvest into new securities after old ones mature

4. Buying bonds through commercial banks and brokers U.S. government securities may also be bought through banks or brokers but you will pay a commission Both Full-service and discount brokers can assist you in purchasing bonds. But, you will receive not advice in your decision to buy or sell

5. Purchasing municipal bonds through banks and brokers You can set up a bank account for purpose of buying and selling municipal bonds. Note: Most banks buy large blocks of municipal bonds and make them available to their customers and there is a fee for this service although it may be incorporated into the price of the bond

6. Buying bonds through payroll deductions Some employers will withhold money from your paycheck and when your withholdings are sufficient, the savings bond will be purchased and sent to you. Note: This process takes longer because your employer will process the money through a bank which in turn purchases the bond.

7. Most bond options require a minimum investment of $1,000. Only savings bonds can be purchased with small, regular payments.

8. 3 ways bond investors earn $ Bondholders earn interest each day they hold the bond Bondholders redeem bonds at face value at maturity Bondholders can sell their bond before maturity at a price higher than they paid for it as bonds often appreciate in value

9. What makes bonds a safe investment? They have a fixed interest rate They represent a loan that the issuer must repay Bonds prices tend to remain steadier than do stock prices Bonds prices tend to react in the opposite direction of stock prices and therefore offset risk of stocks in one’s portfolio

10. What risk in associated with bonds? Bonds are not insured, investors can loose their money if the related corporation or municipality defaults.

11. Who rates bond’s risk level? Independent Rating services: Moody’s (www.moodys.com)www.moodys.com Standard & Poor’s (www.standardandpoors. com) Highest Rating: AAA Lowest Rating: D (bond is in default)

12. Facts about Bond Rating Investment grade bond has a rating of: Baa or higher for Moody’s BBB or higher in S& P’s Note: Unfortunately, the higher the bond’s rating, the lower the interest rate you will earn Lower case letters in ratings indicate more risk than capital letters

13. What is a Junk Bond A junk bond is a bond that has a low rating or not rating at all. Any bond with a rating of Ba /BB or lower is called a junk bond Junk bonds have higher yields but also can have reasonable level of risk. Don’t buy junk bonds if you can’t afford to loose your investment

14. Bond Rating Types a – senior bond b – split bond c – zero coupon bond d – unsecured bond E – secured bond C – Junk Bond

15. NameName of the bond Type/RatingType of bond/it’s Rating CoupFixed Interest Rate (the coupon rate) MatThe Maturity Date 3 p.m. BidFinal closing bid for the day Net ChgCompares 3 p.m. bid with previous day YldThe current yield for the bond (coupon rate divided by average market value) READING CORPORATE BOND LISTINGS SEE PAGE 316

16. MORE FACTS ABOUT BONDS INTEREST RATES Only factor that has a real effect on bonds: INTEREST RATES When interest rates rise value of bonds Why? The bonds are paying less in comparison to other fixed-rate investments. Conversely, when interest rates drop, fixed-rate bonds will become attractive because they are “locked-in” at higher rates.