1. Wetlands and GHG – exchange Matthias Drösler Vegetation Ecology

2. Estimates of C storage as peat globally / in Europe Great global C store  270-450 Pg, equals 1/5 – 1/3 of the soil C pool of the earth, and approximately half the amount of CO 2 -C as in the atmosphere  mineral subsoil C store min ~ 10 Pg, Europe 1.6 Pg  live vegetation ~ 1 – 2.5 % of the total C storage, ~ 7 Pg European peat ~ 10-15% of the global C store in peat

3. Spatial variability matters: -water table -vegetation type -management -peat characteristics -….. Peatland-Landscape composed by a small scale mosaic of parameter combinations => specific requirements for site selection, measurement techniques and upscaling approaches Temporal variability matters: -interannual variability -time since restoration -Management schemes Multiyear measurement programmes to support modeling processes Peatland GHG-fluxes - characteristics

4. undisturbed gas-exchange +++/- (cross-checks!) integration over spatial variability ++- (quantity of chambers vs. mosaic) - (quantity of chambers vs. mosaic) direct measurement of the spatial variability --++ tracking temporal variablity ++ - (campaigns as basis for modelling) costs -- ++ workload +++-- performance under all climate conditions +/-+/-+/-+/-++ Measurement techniques

5. DGMT Deutsche Gesellschaft für Moor- und Torfkunde e.V Climate change mitigation via peatland management? Freising 5. – 6. Oktober 2007 Vegetation Ecology

6. Thematic sessions session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

7. Thematic sessions session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

8. Climate change mitigation via peatland management

9. Drained Restored Carrot Grass Typha C. acu. C. pan. -500 0 500 1000 -50005001000 C balance [g C m -2 yr ] Net climate effect [C-equiv. m -2 yr ] Forest Cropland Peatlands Donauried fens Peenetal fen Fen mire Poland Climate change mitigation via peatland management

10. Effect of drainage and reflooding on radiative forcing present Global warming potential (kg CO 2 equivalents *ha -1 *yr -1 ) Negative effect Positive effect Augustin, unpubl.

11. Thematic sessions session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

12. Thematic sessions session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods –soil C-inventories lacking (Germany) –remote sensing of landuse pattern o.k. but no activity data for upscaling (landuse intensity, management) –peatland-GHG to be reported in the NIR –Kyoto: Germany Art. 3.4 forest management; Denmark Art 3.4, grassland corpland management on organic soisl

13. Thematic sessions session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

14. Thematic sessions session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation –conservation programmes in Germany include to very different extend climate proteccion within the goals for peatland managment and conservation –Mostly win-win situation (climate, water retention and species conservation) expected –Wise use and climate friendly management of peatlands pays back (alder, reed …)

15. Obvious gaps in our knowledge Few year round GHG budgets based on continuous measurements exist for peatlands (EU-review in progress; will be submitted end of Nov.) Representation of different climate zones up to now only limited. There is particular need for more data about GHG budgets of peatlands under particular land uses and management: a) bog: grassland, cropland, land abandoned after peat cut, restoration, forest chronosequences, N2O fluxes in general. b) fen: abandoned after harvest, restoration, CO2 fluxes in general. There are insufficient data to characterize GHG-flux sensitivity from peatlands to weather variability, climate change and N-input. The assessment of restoration effects on GHG-fluxes needs more measurement programs and process studies, to cover variability in time and space (water table effects, management, vegetation) GHG-studies to be combined with policy and economy research to identify socioeconomic drivers of peatland management

16. German BMBF-funded project within the programme on climate mitigation: GHG-exchange at 6 sites across german peatland regions Partners: TUM (coordination) IÖW LBEG MPI ZALF associated via EU-TOK: University of Poznan Rzecin-site Map from Schopp-Guth (1999) 2006- 10 2004-10 2006-10 2006 1999/00 2005 2006-10 Climate change mitigation via peatland management

17. TG1 & TG2 LBEG GHG- exchange TG3 & TG4 ZALF-AUG GHG- exchange TG5 & TG6 TUM-VegOek GHG- exchange IÖW macro-economics TUM-WDL farm level economy ZALF-BLF upscaling TUM-VegOek modeling MPI GHG in the soil profile MPI and TUM-VegOek policy advice TUM-VegOek coordination

18. total-Carbon in German peatlands min. 400 - 1000 Mio t C Bavaria min. 65 Mio t C (NIR 2004 and Byrne et al. 2004) potential emission to CO 2 equals min. 1.5-times the annual total emissions of Germany (2002) or 3-times the bavarian total emissions estimates of the total GHG-balance of German peatlands are between 23 (Byrne et al. 2004) to 44 Mio t CO 2 - equiv. a -1 (Freibauer et al., in Vorb.). Bavarian part around 6.8 Mio t CO 2 -Äquiv. a -1 anthropogenic GHG-emissions from peatlands represent 2.3- 4.5% of German total emissions or around 8 % for Bavaria But still big uncertainties and data-gaps! climatic relevance of the GHG-exchange of German and Bavarian Peatlands

19. Thanks for your attention

21. wetland fen (minero- trophic) bog (ombro- trophic) usednaturalused mire swamp non-peatforming fresh-water marsh non-peatforming salt-water influenced peatland

22. Management in wetlands -Goals -Agricultural Production -Forestry production -Bioernegy -Species conservation -Water retention -Carbon storage -Scenery, tourism -… - Temporal aspects cutting: decreasing frequencies with decreasing intensity grazing: intensity gradient, species fertilization: water table: dynamics restoration works -Intensity -Spatial small scale mosaic of different landuse regime Manipulation of site conditions Water table management (drainage, rewetting) Restoration Klimaschutz - Moornutzungsstrategien

23. Fluctuating wtFlooded CO 2 -C equivalents (kg CO 2 -C*ha -1 *a -1 ) CO 2 -C equivalents (kg CO 2 -C*ha -1 *a -1 ) 2005200620052006 CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O 1941 1 188 2500 492 -5000 15239 13 -2362 29351 13 Total global warming potential 2130 29911022627002 Global warming potential in 2005 and 2006