1. Compiler Construction (CS-636)
Muhammad Bilal Bashir
UIIT, Rawalpindi

2. Outline Introduction to the Course Introduction to Compiler Summary
Course Objectives
Organization of the Course
Topics to be Covered
Pre-requisites & Evaluation
Introduction to Compiler
Summary

3. Introduction to the Course
Compiler Construction
CS-636

4. Course Introduction
At the end of the course, students should understand the overall structure of a compiler, and will have the knowledge of the significant details of a number of important techniques commonly used. The language features that raise challenges for compiler builders are also introduced in this course.

5. Course Objectives
To teach students the basic concepts of compilers, their components and how they work together
To get lexical analyzer and syntax analyzer implemented of any programming language, most likely C++

6. Organization of the Course
Theoretical
This part will be covered through lectures delivered with the help of slides during class meetings
Presentation
Students will be given a topic to prepare a brief presentation. The presentation will be scheduled in the later part of the semester
Project
Implementation of Lexical Analyzer and Parser of C++ will be required from the students

7. Topics to be Covered Compiler introduction Organization of compilers
Background / Revision of Automata Concepts
Lexical analysis
Syntax analysis
Parsing techniques
Object code generation and optimization
Detection and recovery from errors
Advanced Topics

8. Pre-requisites & Evaluation
Automata Theory
Computer Programming
Evaluation
Mid-term Exam 30%
Final Exam 50%
Project & Presentations 20%

9. Miscellaneous Online Course Folder http://jbillu.net/cc/
How to Reach Me
Subject: CC - XYZ

10. Introduction to Compiler
Lecture: 1

11. What is a Compiler? Compiler is a tool:
which translate notations from one system to another, usually from source code (high level code) to machine code (object code, target code, low level code).

12. What is a Compiler? (Continue…)
A computer program translates one language to another
A compiler is a complex program
From 10,000 to 1,000,000 lines of codes
Compilers are used in many forms of computing
Command interpreters, interface programs
Compiler
Source
Program
Target

13. What is Involved in Compilers?
Programming Languages
Formal Languages
Regular Expressions & Automata Theory
Applications
Programming Languages ?
We use natural languages to communicate
We use programming languages to speak with computers

14. Why Compiler?
Writing machine language-numeric codes is time consuming and tedious C
Mov x, 2
X=2
The assembly language has a number of defects
Not easy to write
Difficult to read and understand

15. Brief History of Compiler
The first compiler was developed between 1954 and 1957
The FORTRAN language and its compiler by a team at IBM led by John Backus
The structure of natural language was studied at about the same time by Noam Chomsky
Chomsky classified languages according to the complexity of their grammar
Chomsky’s Hierarchy, as it is now called have four levels of grammar type 0, 1, 2, and 3
The type 2 or context free grammar is considered the most useful for programming languages

16. Brief History of Compiler (Continue…)
Recent advances in compiler design
More sophisticated algorithms for inferring and/or simplifying the information contained in program,
such as the unification algorithm of Hindley-Milner type checking
Window-based Interactive Development Environment
IDE that includes editors, linkers, debuggers, and project managers
However, the basic of compiler design have not changed much in the last 50+ years

17. Files Involved in Compiler Operations
A source code text file (.c, .cpp, .java, etc. file extensions)
Intermediate code files: transformations of source code during compilation, usually kept in temporary files rarely seen by the user
An assembly code text file containing symbolic machine code, often produced as the output of a compiler (.asm, .s file extensions)

18. Files Involved in Compiler Operations (Continue…)
One or more binary object code files: machine instructions, not yet linked or executable (.obj, .o file extensions)
A binary executable file: linked, independently executable (well, not always…) code (.exe, .out extensions, or no extension)

19. Summary
Any Questions?