1. India Seek Self Rule Calls for Independence  Protests against British rule came to a head in the city of Amritsar on April 13, 1919, where following violence to British citizens.  A large peaceful gathering of Indians was attacked by British troops, causing almost 400 people and injuring over 1100.  This was just one incident showing Indian frustration with British rule.  British promises of greater self rule during the War proved to be exaggerated, even though more than 1 million Indians served abroad during WWI.  At this time, a new voice came to the front, a western educated middle class Indian named Mohandas Gandhi.  He had been advocating against the apartheid laws of South Africa for 20 years as a lawyer.

2. The Power of Nonviolence What were Gandhi's Ideas?  Gandhi believed in the practice of ahimsa, a Hindu tradition of non-violence and reverence for all life.  By using the power of love, Gandhi believed that even the worst wrongdoer’s could be converted to the right course of action.  To fight injustice, Gandhi advocated the use of non-violent resistance.  Gandhi’s ideas did not come solely from his native land.  The ideas of non-violent resistance also came from studying Henry David Thoreau’s ideas of civil disobedience, as well as ideas of democracy and nationalism. How did Gandhi Sets an Example?  Gandhi called for Indians to boycott British goods, and to manufacture their own goods.  The spinning wheel became the symbol of Indian national pride, and the campaign of civil disobedience grew.

3. Gandhi Takes a Stand: The Salt March To mobilize mass support, Gandhi decided to stand against the British salt monopoly. How did Gandhi Breaking the Law?  In 1930, Gandhi set out with 78 followers on a 240 mile march to the sea, to get salt.  As he passed through villages, thousands joined the march.  Gandhi was arrested, but his campaign encouraged others to break the law.  Tens of thousands of Indians ended up being arrested. What Steps Towards Freedom were taken?  Gandhi’s actions, and the harsh British responses gained international attention.  Stories of how the British clubbed peaceful protesters brought harsh condemnation, and the British began to lose control of the situation, granting some control to the Indian political parties.

4. How does India Looking Ahead?  The promise of Indian independence was delayed by the start of WWII, and many Indians were outraged, but millions joined the fight against fascism.  By the end of the war, Indian independence could no longer be put off, but this also brought Muslim-Hindu hatred to the fore.