1. Rural Crime & Justice Center A University Center of Excellence Minot, North Dakota

3. Historical Overview 1887 Amphetamine was first synthesized in Germany. 1919 Methamphetamine, a derivative of amphetamine, was synthesized in Japan. It was discovered to be more potent and easier to make than amphetamine. Narconon Arrowhead www.methamphetamineaddiction.com

4. Late 1920’s Amphetamine was used to treat epilepsy, schizophrenia, alcoholism, opiate addiction, migraines, head injuries, and irradiation sickness. 1932 Amphetamine was first marketed as Benzedrine, an over-the-counter inhaler to treat congestion. Recreational Drugs Info www.inforules.com/models/m-net.pdf Historical Overview

5. 1935 Narcolepsy was added to the list of accepted uses. 1937 Amphetamine was found to have a positive effect on some children with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Recreational Drugs Info www.inforules.com/models/m-net.pdf

6. Historical Overview 1937 Amphetamine became available in a tablet form by prescription. 1939 – 1945 (World War II) An estimated 200 million tablets were distributed to American troops. Longest recorded period of wakefulness was 54 days! Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com

7. Historical Overview 1951 Amphetamine became regulated and was available only by a prescription, however, the accepted uses increased. 1967 A record 31 million prescriptions were written for amphetamine. Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com

12. Historical Overview 1970 The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 placed all drugs into one of five schedules. Restricted the manufacture, distribution and use of amphetamines. Limited the medically-accepted uses to narcolepsy, attention deficit disorders, and short-term obesity. Can only be received by a written prescription that can not be refilled. Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com

13. Historical Overview 1970’s to 1990’s Amphetamine abuse began to decline; however, methamphetamine abuse dramatically increased. 1996 Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act increased regulation on chemicals used in illegal production. Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com

14. Historical Overview 2002 to 2003 The incidence of positive drug tests attributed to methamphetamine increased by more than 68%. 2005 Approximately 12 million Americans have tried methamphetamine at least once, with 1.4 million reporting use in the past year. Drug Trusting Index Quest Diagnostics Inc.

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