2. You need to use your mouse to see this presentation © Heidi Behrens

3. Was hast du in deinem Arbeitspraktikum gemacht? You probably know now how to say what you did do during your work experience Now you want to say what you had to, what you could, what you wanted and what you were allowed to do or not as the case may be! In order to do that you need to use MODAL VERBS

4. This is what MODAL VERBS look like if you use them in the IMPERFECT (FORM OF THE PAST TENSE)

5. dürfen ich du Sie er/sie/es wir ihr sie durf durf durf durf durf durf durf te test ten te ten tet ten (to be allowed to) (I was allowed to)

6. müssen ich du Sie er/sie/es wir ihr sie muss muss muss muss muss muss muss te test ten te ten tet ten (to have to) (I had to)

7. können ich du Sie er/sie/es wir ihr sie konn konn konn konn konn konn konn te test ten te ten tet ten (to be able to) (I was able to/ I could)

8. wollen ich du Sie er/sie/es wir ihr sie woll woll woll woll woll woll woll te test ten te ten tet ten (to want to) (I wanted to)

9. sollen ich du Sie er/sie/es wir ihr sie soll soll soll soll soll soll soll te test ten te ten tet ten (to be supposed to) (I was supposed to)

10. Lets have a look at the following: THE PERFECT TENSE (one way of talking about the past) THE IMPERFECT TENSE using MODAL VERBS (another way of talking about the past)

11. IchhabeE-Mailsge The Perfect Tense schickt (I sent E-mails) TRANSFORMATION – Perfect Tense Imperfect Tense IchE-Mailsschick Ich musste E-Mails schicken The Imperfect Tense (I had to send E-mails)

12. Have you noticed…..? Ich habe becomes Ich musste Take off the ge and the end bit of the participle here: t to leave just the stem Add an en to the stem of the verb, e.g. schicken (Infinitive!!!!) and BINGO, you have done it!

13. IchhabeRegalege The Perfect Tense füllt (I stacked shelves) TRANSFORMATION – Perfect Tense Imperfect Tense IchRegale füll Ich musste Regale füllen The Imperfect Tense (I had to stack shelves) auf auf

14. Have you noticed…..? The ge was sandwiched between the prefix auf and the stem of the verbfüll. This is because it is a separable verb! Another one is abgelegt Add an en to the stem of the verb, e.g. auffüllen (Infinitive!!!!) and BINGO, you have done it again!

15. IchhabePapiere The Perfect Tense fotokopiert (I photocopied papers) TRANSFORMATION – Perfect Tense Imperfect Tense IchPapierefotokopier Ich musste Papiere fotokopieren The Imperfect Tense (I had to photocopy papers)

16. Have you noticed…..? Certain regular verbs have not ge added to form the past participle. The most common ones are those that begin with be (beantworten), er (erzählen- to tell), ver (vergessen – to forget) and those that end in __ieren (fotokopieren). Too difficult to pronounce otherwise!!!!

17. IchhabeArtikelge The Perfect Tense schrieben (I wrote articles) TRANSFORMATION – Perfect Tense Imperfect Tense IchArtikel schr ei b Ich musste Artikel schreiben The Imperfect Tense (I had to write articles)

18. Have you noticed…..? There was a stem change in the Present Perfect Tense forgeschr ie ben Also, as this is an irregular verb, the ending is not t but en The Infinitive is schr ei ben!