1. Requirements of an ITS/Simulation Interoperability Standard (I/SIS) Presented by:Dick Stottler Stottler Henke Associates, Inc. stottler@stottlerhenke.com Brian Spaulding MÄK Technologies, Inc. bspaulding@mak.com 2004 Fall SIW

2. Overview  Problem Description  Helicopter ITS Case Study, Simulation Supports ITS  Integration Requirements  Implemented Integration Solution  General Requirements of I/SIS  Battle Command ITS Case Study, ITS Supports Sim.  Simulation Driven Interface  Integration Requirements  Implemented Integration Solution  Proposed I/SIS Direction

3. Problem Description ITSs integrated with Tactical Simulations  ITS: Automated Tutor (evaluation, tailored instruction)  Looks over student’s shoulder during simulated scenarios  ITSs and Simulations are from Different Developers  ITS needs access to ALL student actions  Not just those observable outside his simulated platform  E.G. Plans, orders, comms, internal software use  ITS may need to start simulation with a scenario  ITS may need to control some parts of the scenario  ITS may need mechanism for feedback in simulation  Simulation may need mechanism to start ITS  Simulation may need to select evaluations

4. Helicopter ITS Case Study Description  Teaches beginner helicopter pilots during flight exercises  Instruction includes real-time coaching and AAR  Coaching is multi-level  Initially observations of problems  Direct attention by “flashing” instruments  If student fails to correct, coaching becomes more directive  Beginners get more & more detailed coaching than advanced  ITS plans instruction, assigns exercises  Based on mastery and personality attributes  ITS interfaced to Microsoft Flight Simulator  ITS in control and is main application to the student

5. Helicopter ITS Case Study Integration Requirements  Start MSFC with ITS assigned scenario  Monitor helicopter states and pilot inputs  Present Coaching/AAR  Audio  Text  Flashing instruments  Graphics  Take control of wild helicopter  ITS/MSFS coordinated scenario/evaluation entry  ITS/MSFS coordinated feedback authoring/presentation  Consistent interface across simulations

6. Helicopter ITS Case Study Implemented Integration Solution  Flight Simulator Universal Inter-Process Communication (FSUIPC)  Shared memory paradigm (virtual)  Specific memory locations can be retrieved or set  Actually consists of.dll in MSFS & c++ code in ITS  2 FSUIPC components communicate across processes  Capabilities/interface provided are ad hoc and unique  Flashing instruments done outside of FSUIPC  Student directed to start MSFC with specific scenarios  Simulated out-of-control helicopter was reset  ITS interfaced to others by rewriting interface module  Formalized API for interfacing to simulators  Different simulators, different capabilities/interface/ITS

7. General I/SIS Requirements  ITS access to student actions (ex/internal)  Presenting real-time coaching and AAR  ITS/Simulation coordinated scenario start  Scenario control  Other possible:  Additional scenario info needed by ITS for evaluation  ITS driven replay  ITS interactivity, e.g. Socratic dialog  Consistent User IDs between ITS and simulation

8. Battle Command ITS Case Study Description  Army Tactical trainer  Enables commanders and staff officers to practice planning and execution skills  Plan, fight and review battle  HLA-compliant  Single- or multi-player  MILSTD-2525B tactical graphics

9. Battle Command ITS Case Study Simulation-Driven ITS Interface  From simulation-driven perspective  Accessory available to support and enhance simulation training objectives  Could be interactive real-time feedback or evaluation engine available at completion or at pre-defined stages  Should be transparent  Seamlessly embedded and consistent with GUI  Overall goal to augment basic functionality with intelligent evaluation, hinting, and debriefing capabilities and to provide more effective training environment

10. Battle Command ITS Case Study Integration Requirements  Goal – use ITS to enhance learning experience  Planning  Provide feedback, either interactively during planning or at end by evaluating completed plan  Execution  Could be used to evaluate trainee’s performance  AAR  Automatically generate time-stamped text to annotate key events  Provide positive feedback or identify specific time where poor decision was made

11. Battle Command ITS Case Study Implemented Integration Solution  ITS and BC-2010 existed as separate applications  Separate window containing buttons to evaluate plan and execution results  Not optimal approach (done as 1st step due to limited funding and time)  Demonstrated additional value of incorporating ITS  User interactions  Prepared plan, ask ITS to evaluate plan, repeat if necessary  When execution complete, ask ITS to review performance  Feedback displayed as text in browser  All communication via HLA (RPR FOM)  Platform and Aggregate details, fire/detonate interactions  Proprietary VR-Forces data (tactical graphics, tasking)  Neutral graphics to define “correct” solutions

13. Proposed I/SIS Direction HLA Based  Standardized constructs to encapsulate unit and vehicles positions and time-varying status  Platform and Aggregate details and interactions available in standard FOMs (RPR, NTMF, etc.)  Standardized definitions for planning objects (tactical graphics or other planning documents)  Good starting point - NTMF, C4I Reference FOM  Generalized mechanisms to define structured tasks or other C4I messages  Battle Management Language  Mechanism to define measures of performance and identify correct solutions  AAR Support  Structures to define data recording insert time-stamped annotations