1. Speaker: Paolo De Natale CNR-INOA Headquarters, Florence Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze Tel. +39 055 23081 - Fax +39 055 233 7755 30 giugno 2009 Physical Sciences Panel

2. … thanks to the Italian Optical Association, after the meeting in Padova in 1927, The Istituto Nazionale di Ottica of Arcetri is founded, transforming the existing Precision Optical and Mechanical Laboratory… HISTORY

3. III National Exhibition of Optical Instruments (Florence, May1934): At the end of the visit, Guglielmo Marconi congratulates with Prof. Ronchi HISTORY

4. … the National Research Council, whose pre-eminent task is to awake and to promote the Scientific National organization’s conscience, today is glad to ascertain that the Optical Italian Association and the Institute which gives hospitality to it and which collaborates with it, the Royal National Institute of Optics, may aspire to the most desired title of merit towards the country. HISTORY

5. With this magnificent active the first decade of life of this Companionship closes, and the meeting that rightly we inaugurate in Florence, the town custodian of the Galileian traditions and lucky cradle and headquarters of many Florentine Optical Institutions, will mark the beginning of a new period… Rome, June 10 th 1936 Guglielmo Marconi CNR President HISTORY

6. The Institute building in 1927 HISTORY

7. The Institute building in 2009 CNR-INOA Today

8. INOA research activities are housed in several facilities and laboratories spread countrywide. CNR-INOA (today)  the headquarter  2 units  7 laboratories CNR-INOA Today FIRENZE

9. The headquarter is located in Arcetri, the historical site. Five other facilities/labs are present on the territory:  Physics Dept.  LENS  Certification Lab., Capalle  Optical Metrology Lab. c/o OPD  Bio-medical Lab. c/o AOC CNR-INOA Florence FIRENZE

10. The 2 units: Napoli and Lecce Two units of INOA are operating in two Obiettivo 1 regions:  Pozzuoli (Na)  Arnesano (Le) CNR-INOA Two Optical Metrology Labs for Cultural Heritage Diagnostics were also opened:  Milano  Venezia Milano Venezia Napoli FIRENZE Lecce

11. StaffQuantity Permanent staff research scientists technicians administrative personnel 71 44 15 12 Grants 17 Scholarships 3 Collaborators with contract 6 Associated scientists 13 STAFF

12. EXTERNAL FUNDS 2003-2008

13. Funding sources Consulting Ordinary funds for functioning Institutional projects Ordinary research funds

14. PROJECTS (FIRB young scientists + PRIN) / Researchers DMD Institutes

15. DIGITALIZING CNR-INOA Web interface for accessing/editing/entering:  CNR "Commesse/moduli" info, Research products;  Research groups/personal info;  Calls for job, Master/Ph.D. thesis offers;  News, Conference organizations, Event/seminar announcements, Press review;  Time-sheet/lunch-tickets management;  Administrative/scientific document sharing, Internal bureaucracy (forms), Library catalogue. Legally valid digital-signature for all documents Web interface for internal management of:  Holiday requests;  Mission/purchase orders.

16. 4 3 2 1 Research Education Collaborations with Private Companies (R&D) Activities towards Public Institutions CNR-INOA Activities

17. INOA develops a variety of optical and/or optoelectronic devices in the framework of research projects whose end-users are public Institutions, such as:  ESA,  ASI,  Universities,  Research Centers,  National museums,  Soprintendenze (locally based offices of the Italian Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali). Main applications are in Aerospace, Environmental Physics and Cultural Heritage. 4 CNR-INOA and Public End-Users

18. Thessalonik i Saint Petersburg Brno London Besancon Washingto n Berlin Cape Canaveral New York Aracatuba Darwin Ouagadougou Paris Kiruna 4 Public End-Users all over the world … Metropolitan Museum National Gallery Hermitage Museum Moravian Gallery National Gallery of Art S. Euthimios Chapel Musée des Beaux- Arts Gemäldegalerie measurement campaign AMMA, TROCCINOX, SCOUT- O3, EUPLEX Kennedy Space Center Environmental PhysicsAerospace Cultural Heritage

19. 4 … and in Italy Roma San Sepolcro Milano Venezia Pisa L’Aquila Perugia Brindisi Napoli Ferrara Verona FIRENZE Lecce IRSOO Istituto MARS IASF-INAF IACSA LENS IFAC-CNR Isti. di Neurofisiologia del CNR Dip. Astronomia - Università di FI Dip. Fisica - Politecnico MI Osservatorio Vesuviano-INGV Dip. Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Univ. BO Dip. Scienze Ambientali, II Univ. NA Dip. Scienze della Terra, Univ. FI ASI IACSA IASF-INAF IFAC-CNR ISAC-CNR Environmental Physics Aerospace Cultural Heritage Museo dell’Accademia FI Museo di Brera Museo dell’Accademia VE Galleria Nazionale dell’Umbria Museo Civico AR Museo di Capodimonte Galleria Naz. Arte Antica IFAC-CNR LENS Dip. Fisica, Università di FE Dip. Ing. Informatica, Univ. SI

20. 4 Abroad  Geophysica GEIE (EU)  DLR (D); FZK (D)  Fraunhofer IFU (D)  CNRS (F)  Tel Aviv University (Israele)  Politecnico Zurigo (CH)  Royal Univ.-Stockholm (SE)  Osservatorio Neuchatel (CH)  Univ. Paris Sud (F)  Harvard University (USA)  Optoelectronics Centre (UK)  Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (D)  Universidad Complutense (E)  Boston University (USA)  Lund Institute of Technology (Lund, SE)  Queen’s Univ., Dept. of Chemistry (Canada)  Cranfield Univ., Optical Sensors Group (UK) MAIN SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATIONS In Italy  INFN  INGV  II University of Naples  Physics Dept. Politecnico of Milan  ICIB- CNR  IMM-CNR, Naples and Bologna  Univ. of Pavia  Univ. of Ferrara  Univ. of Florence  LENS  Chemistry Dept., University of Bologna  IFAC-CNR  ISAC-CNR  INAF  INRIM, Torino  Dept. Protezione Civile  …

21. INOA has well established relationships with many industries located in the Florentine area dealing with optics, lasers and optical components. INOA acts both as a consultant and as a provider of services to industries in optical related fields, whereas companies also contact INOA to fullfill tasks in the frame of national and international collaborations. 3 CNR-INOA and Industry

22. 3 INOA industrial partners (Europe and USA) Astrium (GER) Alpes Lasers (CH) Lyncée Tech. S.A. (CH) BIAS (GER) EADS (GER) Verhaert Space (BEL) Lambda X (BEL) Avanex Inc. (USA) Holoeye Photonics Corp. (USA) AMO (USA) Stetson Ass. (USA) Alcatel Alenia Space (F)

23. 3 INOA industrial partners (Italy and Florentine Area) ADS International Alcatel Alenia Space Italia Andromeda Carlo Gavazzi Space CETACE CSO D`Appolonia EDISON spa El.En. ELSAG Finmeccanica ENEL Ricerca FATIF Galileian plus Galileo Avionica General Project Kaiser Italia LAV Mars-Telespazio New Tera Tech. SACMI SHAP SIRIO PANEL SIT Targetti Sankey Roma Arezzo Milano Vicenza Bologna Genova L’Aquila Isernia Livorno Matera Napoli Torino Lecco Sassari FIRENZE Assemblad BIOMERIEUX Italia spa CETACE (Lab. di Firenze Tecnologia) CSO Duralamp El.En. S.p.A. Galileo Avionica S.p.A. General Project Gestione Silo ID Design LAV SEAC srl Sodi Scientifica Targetti sankey s.p.a. Tecno Sistem

24. 3 From “Il Sole 24 Ore” January 2 nd 2008 It is one of the most advanced sectors in the Florentine economy: the optical sector involves about 60 firms … … It is a segment asking for coordination and above all for stronger support from public institution.

25. CNR-INOA is operating in different fields of education: University degree courses Post doc courses Distance learning Outreach and Public Awareness of Science (e.g science festival and exhibition) Professional education (e.g. industry-focused short courses, custom programs designed to meet specific business needs). 2 EDUCATION

26. 1 Development and technologies, materials and devices for applications to quantum optics and spectroscopy. Optical devices for industrial applications: diagnostic, development and characterization of new sources and optical components. Optical devices and methodologies for the Cultural Heritage. Development of optical diagnostic techniques: microscopy and interferometry. CNR-INOA Major Research Lines

27. 1 Main Research Activities I Quantum Optics: quantum properties of light; radiation-matter interactions (high-intensity interaction, ultrashort-pulse interaction); novel coherent sources. Nonlinear Optics: highly nonlinear phenomena (high-order laser harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet); chaotic dynamics of lasers; micro/nano components. Spectroscopy: high sensitivity and high precision techniques in difficult-to-access spectral ranges; optical frequency synthesizers (frequency combs). Interferometry: techniques for the diagnostics of materials and processes; interferometric lithography for the realization of nanoscale and microscale structures; holography; OCT.

28. Microscopy: coherent optics for the study of materials and micro devices; holographic, confocal and AFM microscopy. Sources: new architectures for lasers and coherent sources, also using nanostructured materials. Optical systems: optical calculation; development and realization of advanced prototypes; micro/nano lenses in liquid phase; opto/microfluidics. Optical Metrology: metrological techniques; accurate measurement of the physical parameters of optical components; characterization of optical components; photometry and colorimetry. Visual Science: lighting engineering, ophthalmic optics, visual perception. 1 Main Research Activities II

29. Environment: sensors for measuring physical-chemical parameters operating in the most diverse environmental conditions from volcanic calderas to stratospheric planes; measurement campaigns all over the world. Cultural Heritage: instruments and techniques for the diagnostics and monitoring of works of art; in situ measurements in the most important museums all around the world in the frame of international collaborations and projects. Industry and Space: high power continuous and pulsed laser sources in the framework of European Space Agency (ESA) projects; design and testing of optical components and systems (ordered by ESA, ASI and related companies). Energy: high efficiency solar collectors; design and field-deployment of sensors for geothermal site monitoring. Biotechnology: devices and equipments based on microscopy, interferometry, coherent sources and nonlinear crystals. Most of the consulting and certification activity is in the fields of radiometry, photometry, colorimetry, lighting engineering and testing of optical systems. 1 Application fields

30. 1 SOLAR COLLECTORS LABORATORY Innovative and original solar tracking systems Design of solar simulators Development of optical set-up for CPV testing Study of collection optics for concentration on PV cells Optical controls on heliostats or other solar optical components Solar devices for the detoxification of polluted waters Competencies:  Optical project and testing of optical systems  Radiometry, Photometry, Lighting simulation

31. 1 Main projects of the SOLAR COLLECTORS LAB SALTO “Solar Assisted cooLing Toscana” Progetto Integrato di Ricerca POR Ob.3 Toscana 2000-2006 Misura D4. CESARE “Concentrated PV combinEd SolAR Energy system” finanziato dalla Regione TOSCANA 2008-2009. SCOOP “Italian Solar Concentration TechOnologies for Photovoltaic systems” Industria 2015 –Bando Efficienza Energetica. PIACE “Piattaforma intelligente, Integrata e Adattativa di microCogenerazione ad elevata Efficienza per usi residenziali” Industria 2015 - Bando Efficienza Energetica Collaborations with ENEA (Centro Ricerca Portici-NA): Phocus Project (2003), Solar Simulator (2005), ELIOSLAB Project (2008/9).

32. Aim: development of a demonstrator of a high efficiency solar concentrator based on the adaptive optics technology for the most recent astronomical telescopes. CNR-INOA partners:  INAF  IBIMET-CNR (FI)  Ronda High Tech (VI)  Dept. of Energetics, Univ. of Florence  Dept. of Astronomy and Space Science, Univ. of Florence funding from Regione Toscana520.000 € An innovative concentrator is formed by ~ 70 modules that can change their shape according to the height of the Sun over the horizon. The set of modules redirects the light onto a secondary mirror located in the center of rotation from which light reaches the final converter. 1 Project STAR - High Efficiency Thermodynamic Solar

33. 1 Volcanic monitoring Le Scienze, January 2008

34. 1 M55 altitude (km) CO concentration (ppbV) COLD INSTRUMENT BRAZIL AUSTRALIA Atmospheric monitoring Geophysica stratospheric platform

35. 1 The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 “ … for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique " Theodor W. Hänsch The birth of frequency combs Optical non-linear effects

36. 1 Extending the COMB to the INFRARED  High-precision spectroscopy on the strongest molecular transitions.  High-sensitivity trace gas detection.  Infrared metrology. Development of innovative sources for:  Difference frequency generation  Quantum Cascade Lasers Ultra-stable, widely tunable and absolutely linked mid-IR coherent source, I. Galli et al., Opt. Express 17, 9582-9587 (2009)

37. 1 Recent publications on QCLs: Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy with a quantum cascade laser at 4.3 μm, S. Bartalini et al., Opt. Express 17, 7440-7449 (2009). Lamb-dip-locked quantum cascade laser for comb-referenced IR absolute frequency measurements, S. Borri et al., Opt. Express 16, 11637 (2008). Frequency-comb-referenced quantum-cascade laser at 4.4  m, S. Bartalini et al., Opt. Lett. 32, 988-990 (2007). Frequency modulation spectroscopy by means of quantum-cascade lasers, S. Borri et al., App. Phys. B 85, 223-229 (2006). Quantum Cascade Lasers From pioneering spectroscopy with cryogenic QCLs … Liquid Nitrogen collaboration with Federico Capasso Group Harvard University Participants:  Leeds, UK  CNRS, France (Carlo Sirtori)  Paris Sud, France  CNR-INOA, Italy  NTT, Italy … to the development of next generation THz laser sources and their applications. FET-Open project successfully passed the first evaluation stage … to the design of room temperature compact mid-IR sources... collaboration with Jerome Faist Group ETH Zürich Peltier Coolers

38. 1 Watching the particle-to-wave transition of light Fundamental physical processes Advanced, single-photon level, diagnostic techniques Quantum optics

39. 1 First direct observation of the non- commutativity of bosonic operators: Quantum engineering of light

40. 1 Quantum Engineering of Light Next tasks: Generation of arbitrary superpositions of quantum operators Quantitative verification of the bosonic commutation relations [ M. S. Kim, H. Jeong, A. Zavatta, V. Parigi, and M. Bellini Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 260401 (2008)] Future perspectives: Fundamental tests of quantum physics Full engineering of light for quantum information technologies Development of new sources and devices for quantum communication and computation

41. For further information www.inoa.it Thank you for your attention