1. EMC Generals and Testing Technologies
ITU Regional Standardization Forum for Asia-Pacific (Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2015)
EMC Generals and Testing Technologies
Sangho Choi, Ph.D.
The Chief of EMTI/Research Fellow
Electromagnetic Technology Institute(EMTI), RAPA

2. EMC Concept and
Technical Standards

3. EMC Definition
EMC : EMC is defined as the ability of electronic and communication equipment to be able to operate satisfactorily in the presence of interference and not be a source of interference to nearby equipment.

4. Electromagnetic Environment
Emitter
Susceptor CE
Conduction
(Metallic Paths) RE RS
(Source)
(Coupling Path )
Radiation
(Nonmetallic Paths)
(Victim)
·Transmitters
·High-speed logic
·HF generators
·Power switchers
·Inductive loads
·Transients : ESD, lightening
·Conduction (current)
Common impedance +
·Electromagnetic fields
Cross-talk/Radiation
·Receivers
·Analog circuits
·Digital circuits
·Human beings CS
High unwanted emissions
EMI Regulation
Low susceptibility threshold
EMS Regulation

5. The Changes of EM Environment
ICT convergence : High speed/quality/definition, wireless
Smart grid technology, new and renewable energy development
Electric vehicles
Energy efficiency, mobility, portability
Automatic, social safety and security, intelligent public transportation infrastructure
Aerospace & avionics, ships advance
Technology Innovation
Changes of
EM Environment
To be required the development of new EMC (testing) technologies in electromagnetic environment

6. EMC Problems Brazil rocket explosion Alcantara launch center
killing 21 people,
injuring 20 more
Aircraft carrier explosion
USS Forrestal Disaster, Vietnam
July 29, 1967

7. EMC Controls
The control of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and assurance of EMC comprises a series of related disciplines:
Characterizing the threat.
Setting standards for emission and susceptibility levels.
Design for standards compliance.
Testing for standards compliance.
Characterization of the problem requires understanding of:
The interference source and signal.
The coupling path to the victim.
The nature of the victim both electrically and in terms of the significance of malfunction.

8. EMC Tests for the Compliance
Needs testing about
Intra-system EMC for stable operation, performance & quality
inter-system EMC for the protection of radio service (Radio law) and the safety from danger regulation & certificate
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
EMS
Electromagnetic Susceptibility
RE (IEC/CISPR)
Radiated Emission
∙ Magnetic Fields
∙ Electric Fields
∙ Conducted Power
Disturbance
CE (IEC/CISPR)
Conducted Emission
∙ Voltage
∙ Current
RS (IEC/TC77, ISO)
Radiated Susceptibility
∙ Magnetic Fields
∙ Electric Fields
CE (IEC/TC77, ISO) Conducted Susceptibility
∙ HF/LF
∙ Surge, EFT Burst
∙ ESD

9. Technical Standards for EMC(1)
Basic Standard
Basic standards for the measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range
9kHz - 18GHz
ex: CISPR 16 Series, IEC/EN/K Series for ESD, RS/CS, Surge, EFT burst tests
Generic Standard
Generic standards – Immunity(EMS) and emission(EMI)
for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
ex: IEC/EN/K & IEC/EN/K for EMS
IEC/EN/K & IEC/EN/K for EMI

10. Technical Standards for EMC(2)
Product Family Standard
ex: CISPR 11(ISM), CISPR 12(vehicles, boats, combustion engine), CISPR 13(EMI for broadcasting
receiver), CISPR 14-1(EMI for home appliances), CISPR 14-2(EMS for home appliances),
CISPR 15(lightening equipment), CISPR 2013(EMS for broadcasting receiver), CISPR 22(EMI for
ITE), CISPR 24(EMS for ITE), CISPR 25(vehicles, boats, combustion engine),
CISPR 32 and CISPR 35(multimedia), etc.
Product Standard
ex: IEC 60945(Maritime Navigation and Radiocommunication Equipment and Systems) ,
IEC 60533(Electrical and electronics installation in ships),
IEC 61326(Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use),
IEC (Programmable controllers ), IEC (Low voltage power supplies), etc.

11. EMC Regulation Issues

12. EMC Regulation in the WorldUS
The body responsible for regulation of EMC emissions in the USA is the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The specific regulations are Part 15 (Radio Frequency Devices) and Part 18 (Industrial, Scientific and Medical Equipment) for the FCC marking. EU
For the majority of electrical and electronic products, EMC requirements in the European Union are covered by the EMC Directive (2004/108/EC) for the CE marking
Japan
The body responsible for EMC emissions in Japan is the VCCI. Products must comply with CISPR 22. Equipment intended for the domestic environment must comply with the Class B requirements, while other equipment should satisfy the Class A requirements
These requirements are not mandatory regulations.

13. Korea Standard Development System for EMC
I T U
ISO/IEC/CISPR/JTC1
RRA is the National Committee in EMC Field for CISPR
EMC Technical Regulation Body
RRA
MSIP
KATS
KCS Standard Committee
KS Standard Committee
Contribute
KCS
Establishing KCS
Establishing KS
KSA
TTA
한국정보통신기술협회
KS Standards Sale
Requesting KS Standards
TTA Standard
(TTAS)
ICT Standard Technical Assembly
Standard
Draft Version
Manufacturers
Telcos
Research Institute
Universities
Manufacturers
Institutes
Univerities

14. Korea Conformity Assessment System
Conformity Certification (Radio Waves Act Article )
As equipment that has a harmful effect on the human body, such as radio interference, life safety, etc. or has an effect on the safety and service of telecommunication networks, certified by the government
(Example : marine radar, H/V/UHF transmitter, electronic exchanger)
Technical Regulation : Radio and Telecommunication, SAR, EMC (Low voltage damage)
Conformity Registration(Radio Waves Act Article )
As equipment that has a smaller effect on the human body compared to Conformity Certification Equipment, tested by a designated testing labs
(Example : Weak radio equipment, Divider, Personal Computer)
[Basic Design]
[Display Method]
Introducing self-test registration system that authorizes provider with
rights to register apparatus
(Example : Spectrum Analyzer, Industrial computer and etc)
Identification Code
Technical Regulation : EMC (Low voltage damage)

15. EMC Regulation in Korea
Products Covered
In accordance with the regulations of the South Korean KCC, the following products are covered by the requirements for EMC certification:
High Frequency equipment for industrial, scientific and medical use
Automobiles and equipment powered by spark ignition engines
Radio receiver equipment
Domestic electrical appliances and electrical power tools
Fluorescent lighting equipment
High voltage equipment and accessories
Information technology equipment
Any other equipment
Test Standards
Products must comply with the appropriate South Korean standards, which are based on, but not necessarily identical to, the appropriate CISPR standards.

16. EMC Testing Facilities

17. Typical EMC Test Facilities
Shield room
RS chamber
3m EMI chamber
30m EMI chamber
OATS
10m EMI chamber

18. Typical Semi-Anechoic Chamber (10m)

19. Semi-Anechoic Chamber (10m) configuration
1 to 4 m
Antenna mast
Ground plane
EUT
direct wave
Reflected wave
turntable

20. Semi Anechoic Chamber Information
General Information
Dimension : 20m(L) x 12m(W) x 8.5m(H)
Frequency Range : 30MHz ~ 18GHz
Site Attenuation (ANSI C63.4), NSA less than ±4dB
Site Attenuation (CISPR 13), CSA less than ±3dB
Site Validation (CISPR ), SVSWR less than 6dB
Test Distance : 3m & 10m
Test Items
Radiated Emission
Conducted Emission
Standards
ANSI C63.4
CISPR 13
CISPR
Cost
USD 1.7 million(about)

21. Typical EMC test facilities layout(Top view)

22. EMC test facilities construction procedure(1)
1. Installation of steel structure
2. Installation of shield panel[Floor]
3. Installation of scaffold
4. Installation of shield panel
[Wall & Ceiling]
5. Installation of Door, Filter
6. Performance [SE Test]

23. EMC test facilities construction procedure(2)
7. Installation of Ferrite Tile
8. Installation of Absorbers
9. Installation of Raised floor
10. Installation of Groundplane
11. Finishing; Floor, interior
12. Performance [NSA Test]

24. Typical EMS RS Chamber

25. EMS RS Chamber General Information
Cost
USD 430 thousand(about)
General Information
Test Items
Standards
Dimension : 9m(L) x 6m(W) x 6m(H)
Frequency Range : 26MHz ~ 18GHz
Field Uniformity (IEC )
: (0 ~ 6)dB, over 75% of a surface
Polarization : Vertical & Horizontal
Uniformity Plane : 1.5m x 1.5m
Height of the antenna : 1.55m
Test Distance : 3m
Radiated Susceptibility
IEC

26. Typical Screen/Shield Rooms

27. Typical Shield Rooms Information
Cost
USD 260 thousand(about)
General Information
Test Items
Standards
Dimension : 10m(L) x 7.5m(W) x 3m(H)
Frequency Range : 14kHz ~ 18GHz
Shielding Effectiveness (IEEE 299)
: more than (60 ~ 100)dB
Measurement Point : Door, Filter, Ceiling, walls, and ventilator
Conducted Emission
Disturbance Power
ESD/EFT/Surge etc.
CISPR 14-1/13/22 etc.

28. Typical Open-Area Test Sites(OATS)

29. OATS Configuration

30. OATS Information General Information Test Items Standards Cost
Frequency Range : 30MHz ~ 1GHz
Site Attenuation (ANSI C63.4), NSA less than ±4dB
Test Distance : 3m, 10m & 30m
Test Items
Radiated Emission
Standards
ANSI C63.4
Cost
USD 86 thousand(about)

31. EMC Testing Instruments
EMI test Receiver
Oscilloscope
Spectrum Analyzer
Signal Generator
Network Analyzer
ESD Generator
EFT/Surge Generator
LISN
Antenna
Above equipments are the most commonly used available for performing EMC measurements.

32. EMC Tests

33. Test for Radiated Emission(RE)
RE Test for EUT
Frequency Range : 30MHz to 1GHz(Up to 18GHz)
Standard : CISPR 11, 12, 13, 25, 22… (EN 550XX)
EEC 95/54, SAE J
Major Testing System (Refer to CISPR 16)
Test Facility : OATS, ALSE, FAR, SAR
Open area test site or alternate test (anechoic chamber)
Test Equipment : EMI Receiver(Field strength meter with quasi-peak detector or EMI test receiver), Spectrum Analyzer
Test Antenna : Loop, Dipole, Log-periodic, Bi-conical Horn (depending on Frequency & Regulation)
Other : Turntable, Antenna Master, etc.

34. Limit of RE

35. Test for Conducted Emission(CE)
CE Measurement emitting from cable of EUT
Frequency Range : 150kHz to 30MHz
Standards : CISPR 11, 13, 14, 15, 25, 22.. (EN 550XX)
Testing System (Refer to CISPR 16)
Test Facility : Shielded Room or adequate ground planes
Test Equipment : EMI Receiver, Spectrum Analyzer(Quasi-peak Average detector available)
Other : LISN, etc.
* LISN (Line Impedance Stabilization Network) :
to create a known impedance on power lines of electrical equipment during electromagnetic interference testing. A LISN is typically designed to allow for measurements of the electromagnetic interference existing on the power line.

36. Limit of CE Conducted Disturbance at the Mains Ports Calss A (Q.P)30
0.5 5
Calss A (Average)
Calss B (Q.P)
Calss B (Average) 79 73 66 46 50
dBuV
MHz
Conducted Disturbance
at the Mains Ports
0.15 ~ 0.5
0.5 ~ 5
5 ~ 30 79 73 66 60
Frequency
Range
MHz
Class A
Limits dB (uV)
Q.P
Average
Class B
66 ~ 56 * 56
56 ~ 46 46 50
Table 1 , 2
* Decreasing Linearly with the Logarithm of the Frequency
- The lower limit shall apply at the transition frequencies.
- Telecommunication Ports 에 대한 Limit 는 고려중임.

37. Test for Radiated Susceptibility(RS)
Radiated field susceptibility testing typically involves a high-powered source of RF or EM pulse energy and a radiating antenna to direct the energy at the potential victim or device under test (DUT).
Frequency Range : 80 MHz to 1000 MHz
Test condition : 1-30 V/m (1 kHz CW, 80% AM) , 100 V/m
Standards : IEC (EN ), ISO
Test Facility : FAR
Test Equipment : Power Amplifier system, Antenna, Field Probe Sensor, Signal Generator, Directional Coupler, power meter,
Other : Test software, etc

38. Test for Conducted Susceptibility(CS)
Conducted voltage and current susceptibility testing typically involves a high-powered signal or pulse generator, and a current clamp or other type of transformer to inject the test signal
Frequency Range : 150kHz to 80MHz
Test Condition : 1-10V (1kHz CW, 80% AM)
Standards : IEC (EN ), ISO 7637
Test System
Test Facility : Shield Room
Test Equipment : Power Amplifier system, Signal Generator, Directional Coupler, power meter, CDN, Current Clamp
Other : Test software, etc

39. Test for Electrostatic Discharge(ESD)
ESD is a serious issue in solid state electronics, such as integrated circuits. Integrated circuits are made from semiconductor materials such as silicon and insulating materials such as silicon dioxide. Either of these materials can suffer permanent damage when subjected to high voltages; as a result, there are now a number of antistatic devices that help prevent static build up.
Test Condition(input voltage) : 8kV(Air Discharge), 4kV(Contact Discharge), Max 25kV
Standard : IEC (EN ), ISO 10605
Test System
Test Facility : Shield Room
Test Equipment : ESD Simulator, Coupling Plane
Other : Capacitors, Resistors, etc

40. Thank You So Much !!!