1. Table of contents Chipping Machining
- Classification of chipping machining
- The cutting edge
- How to choose proper cutting angles
- Properties of cutting-tool materials
- Survey of cutting-tool materials
Chipping Machining

2. Classification of chipping machining
Main group 3
Cutting operations
With geometrically defined cutting edges
Turning
Milling
Drilling
Shaping
Broaching
With geometrically undefined cutting edges
Lapping
Grinding
Honing
Classification of chipping machining

3. g b a a ... clearance angle b ... wedge angle a + b + g = 90°
chip
workpiece a
Cutting tool wedge
a ... clearance angle
b ... wedge angle
a + b + g = 90°
g ... rake angle
The Cutting Edge

4. How to choose a proper clearance angle
a ... clearance angle
a small: 4° to 5°
a: 5° to 8°
a big: 8° to 10°
Used for
high alloyed steel
hardened steel
short chipping materials
Standard for
steel and casting alloys
Used for
aluminium, copper
clastics
long chipping materials
How to choose a proper clearance angle

5. How to choose a proper rake angle
g ... rake angle - + +
g high positive
15° to 30°
g positive
5° to 15°
g negative
-5° to -25°
Little cutting force needed
easy chip removal
Used for aluminium, copper, plastics
Standard for
steel and casting alloys
much cutting force needed
great chip bending
Used for high alloyed steel, hardened steel
How to choose a proper rake angle

6. How to choose a proper wedge angle
Depends on a and g
b big
b small
strong cutting edge
Used for high alloyed steel, hardened steel
rough machining
weak cutting edge
Used for Aluminium, Plastics
finishing operations
How to choose a proper wedge angle

7. Cutting-tool materials
Properties
- Hardness:
Sufficient hardness to resist wear and give an adequate life
- Bending stability and ductility:
To avoid insert breakage
- Resistance to temperature changes:
To avoid insert fracture and breakage
- Hot hardness:
The ability to retain its hardness at high temperatures generated at the tool point when cutting
- Compression strength:
To avoid deformation and edge chipping
- Oxidation and diffusion resistance:
To avoid build up edges and cratering
Wear resistance
Toughness
Cutting-tool materials

8. Cutting-tool materials
poly crystalline boron nitride (PKB), cubic boring nitride (CBN)
Ideal cutting-tool material
diamond
Cemented carbide (hard metal)
ceramics
coated
Wear resistance
high-speed steels (HSS)
coated uncoated
uncoated
high-carbon steels
Toughness
Cutting-tool materials

9. Vocabulary chipping machining Spanende Fertigung cutting edge Schneide
cutting tool wedge
Schneidkeil
turning, to turn
Drehen, drehen
milling,to mill
Fräsen, fräsen
drilling,to drill
Bohren, bohren
shaping, to shape
Stoßen, stoßen
broaching, to broach
Räumen, räumen
grinding, to grind-ground-ground
Schleifen, schleifen
honing, to hone
Honen, honen
lapping, to lap
Läppen, läppen
rake angle
Spanwinkel
clearance angle
Freiwinkel
wedge angle
Keilwinkel
chip
Span
alloyed steel
legierter Stahl
hardened steel
gehärteter Stahl
roughing, to rough
Schruppen, schruppen
finishing, to finish
Schlichten, schlichten
casting alloys
Gusswerkstoffe
hot hardness
Warmhärte
wear resistance
Verschleißfestigkeit
compression strength
Druckfestigkeit
toughness
Zähigkeit
bending strength
Biegefestigkeit
service life
Standzeit
wear
Verschleiß
edge chipping
Ausbröckeln der Schneide
cratering
Kolkverschleiß
insert breakage
Plattenbruch
fracture, crack
Riss
tool point
Werkzeugspitze
coated
beschichtet
tungsten
Wolfram
cemented carbide, hard metal
Hartmetall
poly crystalline boron nitride
polykristallines Bornitrid
Vocabulary