1. Case studies during the age of Global Interdependence (1500-1800)
The Empires of Islam
Case studies during the age of Global Interdependence ( )

2. Islamic Empires Began as “warrior principalities”
Expanded at varying rates with varying success.
As they grow they evolved across the five themes

4. The Ottoman Turks Osman Bey: the founder of the Empire 1289-1923
Ghazi: warriors for the faith

5. Ottoman Military Might
Professional light and heavy cavalry
Devshirme system: training of a highly capable military bureacracy
Janissaries

6. Janissaries
Known for valor, discipline, and courage.

7. Janissaries were amongst the first groups to open their ranks to new technology such as gunpowder.

8. Siege of Constantinople
Nowhere was the new technology more evident than in the Ottoman destruction of Constantinople

10. Ottoman Expansion Under Selim the Grim they occupied Egypt and Syria.
Under Sulieyman they expanded into the old Abbasid domain and even into Europe
Battle of Mohacs

12. Gunpowder to the Seas
Under Suleyman they became a major naval power. Victories such as Lepanta and Preveza were common.

14. The Safavids

15. Shah Ismail
An empire won
Twelver Shiism

16. Qizilbash Military movement. “Invincible movement”
Persecuted by Ottomans

17. Chaldiran
Chaldiran saw great damage done to the Safavid state…it wasn’t destroyed, but it was bad.
Saved by Abbas the Great

18. Abbas the Great
Moved capital to Isfahan (artistic and cultural revolution)
Reformed government and military.
Allied with Europe against Ottomans.

19. 16th –18th Century India An apex of Indian cultural traditions
The Mughal Age
16th –18th Century India
An apex of Indian cultural traditions

20. Zahir ud din Muhammad Babur
Muslim emperor from Central Asia who used “leapfrog” tactics to conquer Northern India and crush the Dehli Sultanate.

21. Babur Nearly always possessed smaller forces. Extraordinary lineage.
Life devoted to conquest.

22. Humayun “intelligent but lazy” Lacked his fathers “will”.
Forced to flee to Persia in 1540.
A key turning point.
Reconquered Dehli with Persian help.

24. Akbar the Great Born during Humayun’s exile in Persia.
Extremely intelligent and inquisitive.
“A monarch should be ever intent on conquest, otherwise his neighbors rise in arms against him.”

25. Akbar Created the greatest Indian empire since the Mauryan dynasty.
Gave the impression of centralization, but it was actually decentralized kingdoms under the sheer force and dominance of his persona.

26. Gunpowder Empire
Like the Ottomans they used artillery to consolidate their political control.

27. Indo-Muslim Civilization
Remarkable tolerance for Hindus rolling back centuries of oppression.
Raised a Muslim but his religious curiosity knew no bounds.
Alienated orthodox Muslims with his views.

28. Din-I-Ilahi
The syncretic belief system advocated by Akbar. A belief that employed Judeo-Christian, Muslim, Hindu, and Zoroastrian traditions.
Difficult to define
Based on imperial divinity
Aroused deep hostility amongst Muslims.

29. Akbar and Hindus Allowed Hindus opportunities to participate.
Abolished Jizya
Muslims followed Sharia
Hindus follwed Dharmashastra

30. Fatehpur Sikri

33. Jahangir Talented but disinterested.
Only interested in “a bottle of wine and a piece of meat to make merry”.
Persian born empress Nur Jahan was the real power.

35. Shah Jahan
A time of poverty during the 1640’s. Yet he continued conquest and expensive building projects.

38. Taj Mahal
His beloved wife Mumtaz Muhal died during childbirth for child 13.
He built a building of unparralled beauty for her final resting place.
Plans were made for him to build a similar palace of black marble across the river from the Taj Mahal.
20,000 masons working decades completed the project.
His son Aurangzeb would have none of it.

43. Aurangzeb A man of uncompromising principles. A devout Muslim
Attacked many Hindu traditions
Restored Islamic dominance in Indian daily life.

44. English in India
Entered for good after their victory over a shell of the former Mughal forces at the Battle of Plassey.
3,000 defeated 30,000.

45. English impacts Disaster on Indian economy and industry.
Destroyed Mughal Empire.
Ended Indian sovereignty until 1947.
Attempted to “introduce” English methods.
Despite indigenous rebellions such as that of Haidar Ali, England ruled India for 3 centuries.

46. Empires in Decline Ineffective Rulers Religious tensions
Rising Conservatisim
Economic and technological innovation in decline due to insular cultures
Europe influence
Conflicts with Europe