1. Commercial Fishery Landings in Santa Barbara
Abalone
Shark
Sea Urchin
Market Squid
Rockfish
Lobster

2. What is Catch?? Catch = (Catchability) (Effort) (Biomass)
Catchability is f(skill, technology,…)
Effort is hours, # trawls, … = f(profit, …)
Biomass is the stock abundance
Profit to fishery = (price) (Catch) – (Costs)
Profit drives effort…
Price = f(market, …)
Costs = f(fuel, distance to port, biomass, …)

3. Fish & Climate Several identified oscillators Several mechanisms
annual, SOI & PDO
more likely as our data sets are short
Several mechanisms
changing upwelling – bottom up - food web control
spawning habitat changes
The interaction of time scales are key
If critical time scales are similar, climate is important

4. Market Squid Landings
VERY short lived – Egg survival is key – Size specific carnivore

5. Yellowtail Landings
Long lived - Migrates 1000’s km – Eats squid, crabs, sardines

6. PDO and … PDO Alaskan Catch OR/WA Catch Switching of Alaskan &
Wash/Oregon Catches
Related to PDO
Hypothesis:
Spawning habitat
First feeding
PDO Alaskan Catch OR/WA Catch
Mantua et al paper in reader

7. Estuaries!

8. WARM COOL
sardines = warm
anchovies = cool

9. Varved Sediments in Santa Barbara Basin
Sediments form in annual varves
Low O2 – little bioturbation – require C inputs

12. Fish Abundance from Varves
Switching between anchovy & sardine is seen – on 20 to 50 year time scales
Policy implications are important
Fishery collapses are not JUST due to fishing
Climate control of fish abundances

13. Fish & Climate The interaction of time scales are key
Salmon its during spawning (precip or first feeding)
Squid its egg survival & recruitment to adult stages
Yellowtail its food availability (recruitment?)
Sardine warm – anchovy cool (food web??)
If time scales are similar, climate is important
We know food webs structure changes due to climate regime shifts

14. CalCoFI Zooplankton Hi Zoo’s = Low Temp ENSO connection
All in pre-1977

15. CalCoFI Zooplankton
McGowan et al. [1998] in readings

16. Food Web Changes Non ESNO ESNO Zooplankton food web
Association of abundance among taxa
McGowan et al. [1998] in readings

17. Z(T=10oC)
Chlorophyll
Biogenic Silica - Diatoms
SB Channel – Low Diatoms during 97/98 ENSO

18. Food Webs & Climate
Abundances of various components of marine food web change due to climate
Some evidence that food webs structure changes too
Dominant phytoplankton go from diatoms to mixed
Zooplankton assemblages & associations change too
This alters food webs and the length & intensity of food chains

19. Chavez et al. [2003] paper in readings

20. Seabirds, Anchovy & Sardine off Peru
Chavez et al. [2003] paper in readings

21. Seabirds are dominated by a cormorant who lives off anchovy
almost exclusively

22. Seabirds, Anchovy & Sardine off Peru

23. Sardine Synchrony Over Pacific

24. The Sardine Regime

25. The Anchovy Regime

26. Climate & Fish The interaction of time scales are key
Salmon its during spawning (precip or 1st feeding)
Squid its egg survival & recruitment to adult stages
Yellowtail its food availability (recruitment?)
Sardine warm – anchovy cool (food web??)
If time scales are similar, climate is important
We know food webs structure changes due to climate regime shifts