1. Biological Molecules John Ireland Chapter 3 Bio162

2. Carbon, The Organics CarbohydratesNucleic Acids ProteinsLipids

3. Carbon, the Organic Element

4. Biological Molecules are Organic

5. Functional Groups, subunits of structure

6. Hydroxyl (- OH)

7. Carboxyl (- COOH)

8. Amino (-NH 2 )

9. Sulfhydryl (-SH)

10. Phosphate (PO 4 )

11. Methyl (-CH 3 )

12. Together these groups give organic molecules their functions

13. How do we go from small molecules to large polymers?

14. Dehydration Reaction

15. H HO H

16. How do we break them back apart?

17. Hydrolysis

18. HO H H

19. Carbohydrates, the Sugars

20. Carbohydrates are polymers of Simple Sugars

24. Carbohydrates have two functions

27. Function comes from Structure

28. Structure comes from the arrangement of monomers

29. New Arrangement = New Function

30. Nucleic Acids, Information

31. Nucleic Acids are polymers of nucleotides

34. Nucleic Acids have two functions

35. Heredity

36. Energy Transfer

37. Function is determined by the order of nucleotides

39. Proteins, Diverse Functions

40. Proteins are linear polymers of amino acids

41. Amino Acids have an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group

42. There are twenty natural amino acids.

44. In essence, they are a chemistry tool kit.

45. Amino Acids bind together by peptide bonds

46. Proteins are extremely varied in Function

47. Function is derived from Structure

48. Structure is an emergent property.

49. There are four levels of structure.

54. Now pull them together…

56. Evolution likes to reuse what works.

57. A protein’s function is destroyed if the structure is destroyed (denatured).

58. Lipids, Diverse Structures

59. Lipids are polymers composed of the monomer acetyl-CoA

60. Very diverse structures can be formed.

61. Trigylceride

62. Phospholipid

63. Sterols/Steroids

64. Lipids have three functions