1. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Open Access and the Future of Scholarly Communication Dr Paul Ayris Director of UCL Library Services and UCL Copyright Officer President of LIBER (Association of European Research Libraries) Chair of the LERU (League of European Research Universities) community of Chief Information Officers e-mail: p.ayris@ucl.ac.uk

2. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Contents  Open Access in context  Benefits of Open Access  Routes towards Open Access  Case Study: UK policy developments  Future developments  Conclusion 2

3. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Open Access in context  Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions  See http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htmhttp://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm  Idea of Open Access is not new; the first major international statement on Open Access was set out in the Declaration of the Budapest Open Access Initiative in 2002  See http://www.soros.org/openaccess/view.cfmhttp://www.soros.org/openaccess/view.cfm 3

4. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Open Access in context  Open Access is one element in a broader landscape of Open Scholarship and Knowledge, which could rapidly change the way research is undertaken and communicated globally  Universities leading these changes will be well-placed to attract the best researchers and students, and show how they contribute to the growing European knowledge economy and society Saint Jerome in his Study, fresco by Domenico Ghirlandaio, 1480. Church of Ognissanti, Florence 4

5. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Contents  Open Access in context  Benefits of Open Access  Routes towards Open Access  Case Study: UK policy developments  Future developments  Conclusion 5

6. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Benefits of Open Access  Authors of academic works enjoy increased visibility, usage and impact when research outputs are made in OA  See aggregations of studies on the Open Access impact advantage: Swan, A. (2010) The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date, ECS EPrints, 17 Feb 2010  Researchers in developing countries rank access to the research literature as one of their most pressing problems. By making work available in Open Access, researchers are helping to create a global knowledge commons so that all may benefit Pulpit [detail]. Church of Ognissanti, Florence 6

7. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Benefits of Open Access  A university’s mission is to create knowledge and to disseminate it; Open Access may help universities to fulfil this mission. Having university research open and showcased to the world potentially boosts a university’s profile and enables the uptake and use of the fruits of research effort funded for the benefit of Society Ponte Vecchio, Florence 7

8. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Contents  Open Access in context  Benefits of Open Access  Routes towards Open Access  Case Study: UK policy developments  Future developments  Conclusion 8

9. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Routes towards Open Access  Green route has been defined as the route where copies of peer-reviewed research outputs are made freely available on the web, using an Open Access repository, alongside any formal published versions  Gold route has been defined as journal publishing operating with a business model not based on subscription, but rather on either publication charges (where the author or an organization on behalf of the author funds the publishing costs) or on subsidy 9

10. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Progress along the Green route in Portugal  1086 repositories in Europe  43 repositories in Portugal  37 universities and polytechnics 10

11. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Content Types in Repositories - Portugal 11

12. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Research Theses  DART-Europe portal is premier European portal for discovery of research theses  On 1 June 2013, portal gave access to Access to 417,401 open access research theses from 536 universities in 27 European countries  5,025 theses from Portugal 12

13. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Portuguese presence in DART-Europe 13 ) UniversityNo. of theses via DART-Europe Universidade do Minho1167 University of Porto3858

14. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Contents  Open Access in context  Benefits of Open Access  Routes towards Open Access  Case Study: UK policy developments  Future developments  Conclusion 14

15. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES  See http://www.researchinfonet.org/publish/finch/http://www.researchinfonet.org/publish/finch/  Report to Department of Business, Innovation and Skills  UCL responses  See http://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report- in-global-open-access.html and http://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report-ucls- david-price-responds.htmlhttp://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report- in-global-open-access.html http://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report-ucls- david-price-responds.html 15

16. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Finch Recommendations  Gold Open Access is the future  UK produces 6% of world’s global research output  For an extra £38 million to UK HE, UK research outputs could be published as Gold OA research outputs  Green OA would be for grey literature, theses 16 King’s Cross Station, London

17. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES What does the future look like? 17 For an individual institutional policy, as things stand, Green is the only affordable and practical option JISC Report by John Houghton and Alma Swan - Going for Gold? – see http://ie- repository.jisc.ac.uk/610http://ie- repository.jisc.ac.uk/610

18. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES RCUK – Research Councils UK policy  RCUK policy forged in the wake of protests against Finch  See http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/research/Pages/outputs.aspxhttp://www.rcuk.ac.uk/research/Pages/outputs.aspx  RCUK policy supports both ‘Gold’ and ‘Green’ routes to Open Access  RCUK has a preference for immediate, unrestricted, on ‐ line access to peer ‐ reviewed and published research papers, free of any access charge and with maximum opportunities for re ‐ use. This is commonly referred to as the ‘gold’ route to Open Access 18

19. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Impact of RCUK policy  Issue with RCUK policy is that it is not fully funded…  ‘The amount of funding provided by RCUK to support Open Access in years 1 and 2 is based on an estimate of the likely costs’  UCL is making available considerable additional monies, c. £2 million a year recurrent in the Library, to implement the policy  These monies are being taken from the research budget  RCUK monitoring implementation in 2014, 2016 and 2018… 19 Pembroke College Chapel, Cambridge

20. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Contents  Open Access in context  Benefits of Open Access  Routes towards Open Access  Case Study: UK policy developments  Future developments  Conclusion 20

21. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES OA availability  Total OA share 20.4%  OA distribution  Highest in Earth Sciences  Lowest in Chemistry 21 Bo-Christer Björk, Patrik Welling, Mikael Laakso, Peter Majlender, Turid Hedlund, and Guðni Guðnason: Open Access to the Scientific Journal Literature: Situation 2009 PLoS One. 2010; 5(6): e11273.. Published online 2010 June 23. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.001127310.1371/journal.pone.0011273

22. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Most downloaded items from UCL Discovery 2012  5 of top 10 are PhD theses 22

23. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Monograph publishing in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 23 See http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/loss-making- monographs-face-a-grim-future/story-e6frgcjx-1226246679624http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/loss-making- monographs-face-a-grim-future/story-e6frgcjx-1226246679624

24. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Open Monographs  UCL Press  Imprint repatriated by UCL from being licensed to third party  UCL Press Manager currently being recruited  OA Monographs in the Humanities and Social Sciences will focus  New OA journals  Open Journal Systems and Open Monograph Press to be used as publication tools  Discussion with 19 European universities to create shared infrastructures 24

25. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES What could be achieve? PROJECTED OUTPUTS  Shared publishing infrastructure  Shared by 19 partners  Scaleable to all European Universities  Advocacy for new solutions to solve monograph crisis  Marketing frameworks  Business Modelling activities  At least 180 OA monographs in 35 series 25

26. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Contents  Open Access in context  Benefits of Open Access  Routes towards Open Access  Case Study: UK policy developments  Future developments  Conclusion 26

27. UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Progress in OA  Discussion and consultation  Green, not yet Gold, is best immediate future for OA progress  Roadmap needed to plot the journey See http://www.leru.org/files/publications/LERU_AP8_Open_Access.pdfhttp://www.leru.org/files/publications/LERU_AP8_Open_Access.pdf UCL, Library Services