1. SPECIAL EDUCATION HISTORY AND LAWS Miles Roberge Grand Canyon University SPE-529N April 8, 2013

2. Outline: Civil Rights Movement Important Cases in Special Education Dianna vs. California Board of Education PARC vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Mills vs. The Board of Education District of Columbia Important Legislation FERPA (1974) IDEA (1975) ADA (1990) NCLB (2002)

3. Civil Rights Movement Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education 1954 The civil rights movement was the start of equality special education. Paved the way for parents and activists to have a group to support the rights of students with disabilities.

4. Instrumental Cases Dianna vs. California Board of Education PARC vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Mills vs. The Board of Education District of Columbia

5. Dianna vs. California Board of Education 1970- One of the first and most important cases in Special Education. This case fought for the right to assess students in their native language. (Epler, P. 2013)

6. PARC vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1971- Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Citizens. This case was thought to be one of the most instrumental cases in the equality and rights of students with disabilities. (Epler, P. 2013)

7. PARC vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania The outcome of the case brought on 5 new mandates. 1. Admit all children with intellectual disability into public school. 2. Place students with intellectual disability into regular classroom when possible. 3. Make all school records accessible to parents. 4. Provide preschool programs for children with intellectual disability when such programs were available to nondisabled children. 5. Precede all placement decisions with a hearing to allow parental participation and consent. (Epler, P. 2013)

8. Mills vs. Board of Education District of Columbia 1972- A case that found the exclusion of students from schools based on disability was unconstitutional. (Epler, P. 2013)

9. Important Legislation FERPA (1974) IDEA (1975) ADA (1990) NCLB (2002)

10. FERPA Family Educational Right and Privacy Act 1974 Important Impacts on Special Education Allows parents access to all school records containing personal information. Parents can request changes to records they believe are untrue. Written permission must be obtained from parents to release information on students. (Epler, P. 2013) Guidelines (Handout)

11. IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Originally known as Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EHA) 1975 Major Impacts on Special Education FAPE LRE IEP Guidelines (handout)

12. FAPE Free and Appropriate Public Education This part of the IDEA is essential to the current special education law. This is the requirement to accept all students with disabilities in public schools. It also requires the school to use and find appropriate resources. (Epler, P. 2013)

13. LRE Least Restrictive Environment The least restrictive environment refers to allowing students with disabilities to participate in regular education classmates with their peers. To allow all students the same opportunities for an equal education. (Epler, P. 2013)

14. IEP Individualized Education Plan IDEA originally EHA brought the importance of an IEP to special education law. The formation of the IEP team and also the goals are part of this guide for education for students with disabilities. (Epler, P. 2013)

15. ADA Americans with Disabilities Act 1990 All individuals with disabilities are covered under this act. Requirement that all individuals with disabilities be allowed access to public buildings and services. (Epler, P. 2013)

16. NCLB No Child Left behind 2002 Was originally Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) 1965 Legislation that required all schools to have proficiency from all students including special education students by 2014. Districts, Schools, Administration, Teachers, and Students are all responsible for scores on standardized testing. (Epler, P. 2013) Guidelines (handout)

17. Questions?

18. References Epler, P. (2013). Special Education Foundations and Framework. (online lecture notes). Retrieved from https://lc.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operati on=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html? viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&topicMaterialId=9c9 745a5-0cd3-4e84-9d85-dff2d3a9999f&contentId=4cdcf142- 29bd-40e4-a517-cc18fd6ce551&

19. References Epler, P. (2013). Special Education Foundations and Framework. (online lecture notes). Retrieved from https://lc.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operati on=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html? viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&currentTopicname=I DEA%20and%20NCLB&topicMaterialId=c27f2a7b-781a- 46b1-b63b-162c938e0277&contentId=59e45387-83f5- 46a9-8cac-8c792e308cac&