1. ADAPTIVE INTERPOLATION FILTER FOR H.264/AVC Bhavana Prabhakar Student Id: 1000790889 Department of Electrical Engineering

2. H.264/ADVANCED VIDEO CODING: Encoder block diagram H.264 [18]

3. H.264/ADVANCED VIDEO CODING: Decoder block diagram H.264 [18]

4. Integer samples (shaded blocks with upper-case letters) and fractional sample positions (non-shaded blocks with lower-case letters). Example for filter size 6 x6. [16]

7. An individual filter is to be used for the interpolation of each fractional-pel position The estimation of the coefficients and the motion compensation are performed in the steps given in [16] Filter coefficients are to be coded Filter coefficients are subject to quantization, followed by prediction and entropy coding The aliasing effects are minimized by suppressing the high- frequency components Steps to reduce blurring effects. STEPS TAKEN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AIF

9.  Displacement vectors are estimated for every image to be coded. For the purpose of interpolation, the standard interpolation filter of H.264/AVC is applied to every reference image.  2-D filter coefficients are calculated for each sub-pel position independently by minimization of the prediction error energy:

10. AIF: Adaptive interpolation filter AVC: Advanced video coding BD – ROM: Blue ray disc – read only memory CIF: Common intermediate format HD – DVD: High definition - digital video disc ITU: International telecommunication union KTA: Key technical area MCIF: Motion compensated interpolation filter MPEG: Moving picture experts group VCEG: Video coding experts group

11. [1] JVT of ISO/IEC & ITU-T, Draft ITU-T Recommendation H.264 and Draft ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC, Doc JVT-Go50. Pattaya, Thailand, 2003. [2] O. Werner, “Drift analysis and drift reduction for multi resolution hybrid video coding”, Signal processing: image commun., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 387–409, Jul. 1996. [3] T. Wedi and H. G. Musmann, “Motion and aliasing compensated prediction for hybrid video coding”, IEEE Trans. circuits syst. video technol., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 577–586, Jul. 2003. [4] T. Wedi, “Adaptive interpolation filter for motion and aliasing compensated prediction”, in Proc VCIP, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 415–422, Jan. 2002. [5] M. Budagavi, “Video compression using blur compensation”, in Proc.IEEE ICIP, Genova, Italy, pp. 882–885, Sep. 2005. [6] R. E. Crochiere and L. R. Rabiner, “Multi-rate signal processing”, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, pp. 88–91, 1983. [7] R. W. Schaefer and A. V. Oppenheim, “Discrete-time signal processing”, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989. [8] T. Wiegand et al, “Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard”, IEEE Trans. circuits syst. video technol., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 560-576, Jul. 2003. [9] Y. Vatis and J. Ostermann, “Locally adaptive non separable interpolation filter for H.264/AVC”, in Proc. IEEE ICIP, Atlanta, GA, pp. 33–36, Oct. 2006. [10] T.Wedi, “Adaptive interpolation filter for motion compensated prediction”, Proc. IEEE ICIP, Rochester, NY, pp. 509–512, Sep. 2002.

12. [11] H.264/AVC reference software version JM11.0 http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/download/old_jm/jm11.0.ziphttp://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/download/old_jm/jm11.0.zip, Jan. 2007 [Online]. [12] KTA software, version JM11.0 KTA1.3. http://www.tnt.uni-hannover.de/~vatis/kta/jm11.0kta1.3.ziphttp://www.tnt.uni-hannover.de/~vatis/kta/jm11.0kta1.3.zip, Mar. 2007 [Online]. [13] Y. Vatis and J. Ostermann, “Prediction of P- and B-frames using a 2-D non-separable adaptive Wiener interpolation filter”,in ITU-T SG16/Q [15] (VCEG) Doc VCEG-AD08, Hangzhou, China, Oct. 2006. [14] Y. Vatis and J. Ostermann, ITU-T SG16/Q [15] (VCEG) VCEG-AE16, Marrakech, Morocco, Jan. 2007. [[15]] S. Wittman and T. Wedi, “Separable adaptive interpolation filter”,in ITU-T SG16/Q6, Doc. C-0219, Geneva, Switzerland, Jul. 2007. [16] Y. Vatis and J. Ostermann “Adaptive interpolation filter for H.264/AVC”, IEEE Trans. circuits syst. video technol., vol. 19, pp.179-192, Feb. 2009. [17] D. Rusanovskyy, K. Ugur, and J. Lainema, “Adaptive interpolation with directional filters”, in ITU-T SG16/Q.6 Doc. VCEG-AG21, Shenzhen,China, Oct. 2007. [18] D. Marpe, T. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan, “The H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard and its applications”, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 44, pp. 134-143, Aug. 2006. [19] T. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan, “The picturephone is here:Really”, IEEE Spectrum, vol.48, pp. 50-54, Sep. 2011. [20] I. E. Richardson, “The H.264 Advanced Video Compression Standard”, 2nd Edition, Wiley 2010.