1. Essential Question: –What caused the Protestant Reformation? Warm-Up Q: –Look at this image: What is the main idea of the Protestant Reformation?

2. Breakdown of Denominations

3. Early Reformers John Wycliffe (1324-1384) –Interested in authority of clergy. –People should be able to interpret and read the Bible on their own. –Lived during Western Schism (more than one pope). This caused questioning about Papal Authority.

4. Early Reformers Cont… Jan Hus (1369-1415) –He wanted Bishops elected and not appointed by Pope. –At the Council of Constance, he made his case but he was burned at the stake for his beliefs. –Spiritual leader of the Moravian Church.

5. William Tyndale, priest and Oxford scholar, translates the New Testament from Greek into English (AD 1525), but cannot get approval to publish it in England. AD 1525 1500 BC 500 BC AD 1 AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 1900 AD 2000 William Tyndale

6. He moves to Germany and smuggles Bibles, into England in sacks of corn and flour. In AD 1535, he publishes part of the Old Testament translated from Hebrew into English. AD 1535 1500 BC 500 BC AD 1 AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 1900 AD 2000 William Tyndale

7. 1500 BC 500 BC AD 1 AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 1900 AD 2000 Sources Used: Ancient Greek and Hebrew Copies and The Vulgate Tyndale AD 1525

9. “O Lord, open the king of England’s eyes.” 1536 Tyndale "was strangled to death while tied at the stake, and then his dead body was burned" 1500 BC 500 BC AD 1 AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 1900 AD 2000

10. The Coverdale Bible is translated by Miles Coverdale (AD 1535) and dedicated to Anne Boleyn, one of King Henry VIII’s wives. This is the first complete Bible to be printed in English. AD 1535 1500 BC 500 BC AD 1 AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 1900 AD 2000 The Coverdale Bible

11. Erasmus

12. Early Reformers Cont… Erasmus (1466-1536) –“Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.” –Erasmus remained committed to reforming the Church from within. –He also held to Catholic doctrines such as that of free will. Which some Protestant Reformers rejected in favor of the doctrine of predestination.

13. Thomas More

14. Important Developments that aid the process to Reformation! The Printing Press!!!! –Books are now available to the masses not just the rich! (Faster production=cheaper books) –People have access to books whenever they want them. How does this relate to the Reformation? Explain your answer? Printing Press = 3,600 pages per workday Hand Printing = 40 pages per workday

15. Martin Luther

16. Luther was a German monk and professor of theology (religion) at the University of Wittenberg. One of the many leaders of the Protestant Reformation. –Luther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs."

17. Luther’s 95 Theses In 1517, the 95 Theses were nailed to a church door. They were written in Latin. –Luther’s intention: NOT TO BREAK WITH CHURCH, BUT REFORM IT! –Criticized: 1.Indulgences 2.Power of Pope 3.Wealth of Church God’s Grace won by FAITH ALONE! –Catholic View: Good Works

18. Frederick the Wise

19. The Sale of Indulgences

20. Johann Tetzel

21. Posting the 95 Theses

22. Pope Leo X

23. Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V

24. Charles V

25. Luther and Charles V, Diet of Worms

26. Wartburg: Castle of Frederick the Wise

27. Ulrich Zwingli 1484-1531 1529 The protestants and Catholics started meeting in open war in Cappel1529 The protestants and Catholics started meeting in open war in Cappel Against the advice of Zwingli several of the protestant cantons sought peaceful negotiationsAgainst the advice of Zwingli several of the protestant cantons sought peaceful negotiations They negotiated peace but didn’t gain all of the hoped for concessionsThey negotiated peace but didn’t gain all of the hoped for concessions 1531 The second battle of Cappel occurred as was inevitable1531 The second battle of Cappel occurred as was inevitable Zwingli led his troops and was injured while tending the wounded, later he was slain, his body burned, ashes mixed with a swine’s and scatteredZwingli led his troops and was injured while tending the wounded, later he was slain, his body burned, ashes mixed with a swine’s and scattered

28. (2) Geneva (French-speaking) John Calvin’s leadership in Geneva from 1541-1564 Geneva became the model Protestant training center Stress on order and rigorous adherence to God’s law A “Quasi-theocracy” Very austere religion practiced in Geneva Self-discipline and the “Protestant Work Ethic”

29. Other Reformations Ulrich Zwingli in Switzerland –Theocracy A government in which church and state are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired. John Calvin in Switzerland –Predestination God knows who will be saved, even before people are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined fore salvation. John Knox in Scotland –Laid grounds for Presbyterian Church

30. Henry VIII (ruled: 1509- 47)

31. B. England Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon Henry seeks an annulment Henry creates the Church of England and establishes his own supremacy over it A “political reformation” only at first The six wives of Henry VIII --Anne Boleyn --Jane Seymour

32. In England, the Reformation began with the King! King Henry VIII –The king who had six wives… He wants a SON! Lines provided in notes to write down story of King Henry VIII.

33. The Reformation Parliament Was a gathering that led to the decision that England was no longer under the authority of the pope. Act of Supremacy –Subjects were required to take an oath declaring Henry VIII to be “Supreme Head of the Church of England”

34. The Anabaptists The Church under the Cross

35. Emergence out of Zwingli’s Reformation 1519, Zwingli began attracting students: –Conrad Grebel –Felix Manz –George Blaurock Known as Swiss Brethren; studies called Prophecy Meetings; studied NT in Greek Study led to rejection of infant baptism & support of believer’s baptism

36. Menno Simons (1496-1561) Former priest in Netherlands; baptized in 1536 Theology: –Discipline through church ban –Pacifism: reaction to Münster; refused participation in war –Faulty Christology: Christ’s nature did not derive from Mary’s flesh; instead, Christ’s body composed of “celestial flesh” Followers settled in America: Mennonites