1. Fire

2. Entrance Question List 5 uses of FIRE List and describe 3 different types of fires.

3. The three components of fire Fuel Heat Oxygen

4. Fuel Wood provides the fuel in campfires. The key is to have the correct size fuel for the amount of heat available. (You can’t light a 4 inch round stick of wood with a match.)

5. Heat Heat ignites the fuel and must be balanced with it. Large fuel will not ignite until the heat of the fire rises to a suitable temperature to thoroughly heat the wood. There is usually water vapor close to the ground. The fire should be ignited a few inches above ground level.

6. Oxygen There must be room for oxygen. Allow for ample air circulation and arrange the fuel so that oxygen can get to the fire.

7. Materials in Fire construction Tinder Kindling Fuel

8. Tinder Fine, flammable material which will ignite from the heat of a match. Birch bark (collected from the ground), pine pitch or spruce pitch, and fine twigs. If the group must depend on fires it is important to have a plastic bag of these materials for a rainy day

9. Kindling Small diameter branches (3/4” or less) or split wood which will ignite from the tinder Softwood such as pine, spruce and cedar are very suitable for kindling.

10. Fuel Firewood which provides coals and uniform heat for cooking. Hardwoods such as maple, birch, hickory and apple do an admirable job of providing good coals for cooking. Only collect wood that is already down. Collect enough to maintain your fire. Collect wood of different sizes.

11. Lighting the Fire Don’t be afraid to use paper if it’s available. Remember that heat rises, so when striking a match, try to hold the lit end higher than the rest of the match. Light the fire upwind so the heat generated will be blown towards the fire and not away from it. Homemade or commercial fire starters made from paraffin and paper can be carried for lighting fires in moist or emergency conditions.

12. Location of a fire Sheltered from the wind Away from trees and roots Away from overhanging trees Surrounded with rocks/dig a hole Clear leaves and twigs Proximity of your shelter Proximity to water source

13. Uses for Fire Warmth Feel protected (Comfort) Cooking Purify water Dry clothing Smoke signals Repel insects Torches

14. Laying a Fire Plan where you will light it – leave an opening to reach the tinder Light the upwind side so the wind blows the flame into the fuel Leave air space between pieces of wood Build UP not OUT

15. Teepee Fire Easy to light Fast Flame Used for boiling H2O http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lp7IWWgkxN4

16. Log Cabin fire Popular for beginners Makes good coals Lighting can be a challenge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhPvvpFCVtg

17. Lean-To Fire Keeps air space open Light wind really helps when starting http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHRCwaxjb24

18. Council Fire Burns hot and bright for long period of time Takes bigger logs Use for entertaining large crowds

19. Hunters Fire Good for cooking V Shape Not used for entertaining or warmth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wSAvHBwDoo

20. Newspaper Article

21. 1.Find a fire related picture 2.Create a title for your article 3.Write a newspaper article describing your photo 4.Be sure to answer the following Who What When Where Why Make sure you provide lots of details, you may also include quotes. Remember to GRAB your readers attention!

22. Rubric 1234 PhotoNot includedIncluded TitleNot includedIncluded but doest grab the readers attention Included and grabs readers attention WhoNot includedMinimal infoAcceptable info WhatNot includedMinimal infoAcceptable info WhereNot includedMinimal infoAcceptable info WhenNot includedMinimal infoAcceptable info WhyNot includedMinimal infoAcceptable info Total value 20

23. Map Scale The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. Ratio 1:10,000 Fraction 1/10,000

24. Large Scale A large scale map of Long Reef Point from a 1:25 000 map. Large scale maps have a RF (ratio fraction) of 1:50,000 or greater

25. Small Scale A small scale map of Long Reef Point taken from a 1: 100 000 map

26. Quiz 1. 1:50,000 2. 1: 250,000 3. 1:100,000 4. 1:10,000 5. 1:6,000