1. SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES
Assoc.Prof.Dr.Yesim Gürol

2. Learning Objectives
To list dermatophytes
To list subcutaneous mycoses

3. infections caused by
dermatophytic fungi (dermatophytosis)
Nondermatophytic fungi (dermatomycosis)

4. DERMATOPHYTOSES Trichophyton Epidermophyton Microsporum
cause disease in animals and/or humans.
have the ability to invade the skin,hair or nails.
keratinophylic and keratinolytic.
invade upper outermost layer of epidermis

5. dermatophytosis
tineas
ringworm

6. Morphology and Identification
identified by
colonial appearance
microscopic morphology
Growth at Sabouraud’s dextrose agar at 25oC for two weeks

7. Epidermophyton floccosum
Microsporum canis
Microsporum audouinii

8. Microsporum persicolor

9. Trichophyton spp.

11. Epidemiology and immunity
Begins in the skin after trauma and contact
Host susceptibility depends on
Moisture
Warmth
Spesific skin chemistry
Composition of sebum and perspiration
Youth
Heavy exposure
Genetic predisposition

12. Dermatophytes are classified as anthropophilic, zoophilic or geophilic according to their normal habitat.
Anthropophilic
human hosts
mild, chronic inflammation.
Zoophilic
primarily in animals
inflammatory reactions in humans who have contact with infected cats, dogs, cattle, horses, birds, or other animals.
followed by a rapid termination of the infection
Geophilic
from the soil
occasionally infect humans and animals.
They cause a marked inflammatory reaction, which limits the spread of the infection and may lead to a spontaneous cure but may also leave scars.

13. Contagious
Frequently transmitted by exposure to shed skin scales, nails or hair containinh hyphae or conidia

14. Tinea capitis
Tinea favosa
Tinea corporis
Tinea pedis
Tinea manuum
Tinea imbricata
Tinea cruris
Tinea barbae
Tinea nigra
Tinea ungium

15. Tinea capitis
infection of the scalp with a dermatophyte fungus.
Hair can be infected with Trichophyton (abbreviated as "T".) and Microsporum ("M".) fungi.
classified according to how the fungus invades the hair shaft:
Ectothrix infection
The fungal branches (hyphae) and spores (arthroconidia) cover the outside of the hair.
Ectothrix infections can be identified by Woods light (long wave ultraviolet light) examination of the affected area the vet uses this to check your cats fur.
Endothrix infection
The hair shaft is filled with fungal branches (hyphae) and spores (arthroconidia).
Endothrix infections do not fluoresce with Woods light.
Favus
caused by T. schoenleinii infection
honeycomb destruction of the hair shaft

16. macroconidia

18. When the hair is infected,
ectothrix
endothrix
favic

19. Tinea capitis may present in several ways.
Dry scaling – like dandruff but usually with moth-eaten hair loss
Black dots – the hairs are broken off at the scalp surface, which is scaly
Smooth areas of hair loss
Kerion – very inflamed mass, like an abscess
Favus – yellow crusts and matted hair
Carrier state no symptoms and only mild scaling

20. Trichophytid reaction (id reaction)
The patient may become hypersensitive to constituents or products of the fungus and develop allergic manifestations
Usually vesicles
Mostly on the hands
No fungi present in lesion

21. Tinea capitis

22. Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes

23. Tinea barbae

24. Tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot)

25. Tinea corporis

26. Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
Tinea ingualis (cruris) (jock itch)

28. SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES Normally reside in soil or vegetation
Enter the skin or subcutaneous tissue by traumatic inoculation with contaminated material
Sporotrichosis
Chromoblastomycosis
Eumycotic mycetoma
Subcutaneous zygomycosis
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis

29. SPOROTRICHOSIS Sporothrix schenkii Thermally dimorphic
Usually sporadic
Most common in warmer climates
Outbreaks related to forest work, mining, gardening
Classic infection traumatic inoculation of soil or vegetable or organic matter contaminated with fungus
Zoonotic transmission with armadillo hunters and infected cats

30. Chronic infection
Nodular and ulcerative lesions that develop along lymphatics
grossly may resemble a malignant process ‘squamous cell carcinoma’
Dissemination to other sites rare !(bones,eyes,lungs, central nervous system)

31. Specimens:
Biopsy
Exudate from lesions
Culture

32. S.schenckii

33. Chromoblastomycosis (chromomycosis)
chronic fungal infection
slow growing verrucous nodules or plaques
mostly in tropics
Pigmented fungi (dematiaceous fungi)
Fonsecaea
Cladosporium
Exophiala
Cladophialophora
Rhinocladiella
Phialophora

34. into the skin by trauma
Verrucous, wart like lesions
Cauliflower like nodules
Rarely elephanthiasis

37. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis
Darkly pigmented septate hyphae in tissue
Cutaneous and systemic infections
Solitary encapsulated cysts in the subcutaneous tissue
Sinusitis
Brain abscesses (usually fatal)
All exogenous molds that normally exist in nature

38. phaeohyphomycosis Exophiala, Phialophora, Wangiella, Bipolaris,
Exserohilum,
Cladophialophora ,
Phaeoannellomyces,
Aureobasidium,
Cladosporium,
Curvularia
Alternaria

39. MYCETOMA Local swelling of infected tissue and interconnecting
Often draining
Sinuses or fistulae that contain granules
Actinomycetoma....mycetoma caused by an actinomycete
Eumycetoma....(Madura foot, maduromycosis) mycetoma caused by a fungus
Clinical features similar
Treatment different
Actinomycetomas more invasive

40. MYCETOMA

41. After traumatic inoculation with soil contaminated with one of these agents
Feet, lower extremities, hands and exposed areas
Suppuration, abscesses, granules,
Contagious muscle and bone
Deformation, loss of function
Very rarely foreign body (e.g.cardiac pacemaker) infection