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PD Dr. Christine Godt LMU München/Universität Bremen Property Revisited: The need to enforce benefit sharing in user countries.

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Presentation on theme: "PD Dr. Christine Godt LMU München/Universität Bremen Property Revisited: The need to enforce benefit sharing in user countries."— Presentation transcript:

1 PD Dr. Christine Godt LMU München/Universität Bremen Property Revisited: The need to enforce benefit sharing in user countries

2 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Outline I. Introduction II. Jurisdiction of user countries (EU/FRG) III. Applicable Law IV.Concepts: Territoriality & Sovereignty V.Conclusion

3 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited I. Introduction: Enforcement (1) existing BS-contracts. (2) regulatory effect.

4 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited border measures User Measures certificates of origin disclosure in patent application procedure contracts property IP torts

5 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited border measures User Measures certificates of origin disclosure in patent application procedure contracts property IP torts

6 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Today: contracts property IP torts Benefit Sharing Enforcement in User Countries

7 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited What Benefits? Tvedt/Young 2007, p. 70 „incremental steps“ t access reseach results patent applicationcommercialisation

8 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited What Benefits? Tvedt/Young 2007, p. 70 t access reseach results patent applicationcommercialisation fees information sharing re-negotiation shares in profits prize repatriation of knowledge of non-commercial samples licenses professional education mile stone payments mile stone payments

9 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Model Constellations Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with re-negotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract

10 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Constellations Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with re-negotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract equitable? „derived of“?

11 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Problem 1: Triggers of benefit sharing Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract = Property/ Torts

12 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited My focus today: the right to benefits from „Genetic Resources“ Property of Material Immaterial Property of Information

13 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Not initial triggers: - Loopholes: aquisition did not happen inside „provider state“ - Definitons „associated TK“ „derived from“ - Presumption: A „right“ exists.

14 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Claims Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use Property/ Torts payment interim injunction re-negotiation damages incl. profits injunction or

15 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited II. Jurisdiction of EC-Courts (EuGVVO 2002) (actor sequitur-Principle) Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract payment intermediary injunction renegotiation damages for infringement injunc tion Art.2 EuGVVO Artt. 2 & 5 (3) EuGGVO Art.2,5 (3) EuGGVO

16 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited III. Applicable Law (National Conflict of Law Rules for Contracts, „ROM II“ for Property & Torts) Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract payment intermediary injunction renegotiation damages for infringement injunc tion or Lex contractus Lex contractus Lex fori/Lex Contractus Lex rei sitae Lex loci delicti qualified as„material property“ Lex Fori/Lex rei sitae

17 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited III. Applicable Law (EC Conflict of Laws) Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract payment intermediary injunction renegotiation damages for infringement injunc tion or Lex contractus Lex contractus german law german law german law provider country´s law Consequences

18 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Where is the „right“: Shift in perception: (1) Standing of local communities (2) „Genetic Resources“ as „collective ownership“ (3) Universal material property

19 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract payment intermediary injunction renegotiation damages for infringement injunc tion or Lex contractus Lex contractus only when contractual duty no injuncti on Value of damages ? Results Value of damages ?

20 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited III. Applicable Law (National Conflict of Law Rules for Contracts, „ROM II“ for Property & Torts) Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract payment intermediary injunction renegotiation damages for infringement injunc tion or Lex contractus Lex contractus Lex fori/lex protectionis Lex loci protecti onis Lex loci protecti onis when qualified as „immaterial property“

21 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited III. Applicable Law (National Conflict of Law Rules for Contracts, „ROM II“ for Property & Torts) Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract payment intermediary injunction renegotiation damages for infringement injunc tion or Lex contractus Lex contractus Lex fori/lex protectionis Consequences German law Provider countries law German law Provider countries law

22 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited III. Applicable Law (National Conflict of Law Rules for Contracts, „ROM II“ for Property & Torts) Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract payment intermediary injunction renegotiation damages for infringement injunc tion or Lex contractus Lex contractus Property/Tort Claims will be dismissed as unfounded (due to lack of mutual recognition agreements) Infringing activity in provider country? Infringing activity in provider country?

23 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited First lesson learnt: „conclude contracts“!

24 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Second lesson learnt: benefit sharing can be claimed in user countries via conflict of law rules ==> applying provider state laws.

25 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited more precise: (1) Damages for material property violation might be irrelevant. (2) Damages for IP-infringement, might encompass profits. (3) There is no remedy when illegal bioprospection cannot be directly attributed to the user state´s company (outsourced bioprospection).

26 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Third lesson learnt: Applying (only) user state law, no damage claim can be construed - due to the lack of a „right“. As in industrial property law, territoriality (the lack of a right) could be remedied by intergovernmental recognition treaties.

27 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Any Remaining Problem? (1) Reaping the Benefits: Territoriality of Information Property. (2) Genetic Resources as State Property.

28 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited IV. Problem Shooting 1. Territoriality: Universal Property vs. Territorial Intellectual Property 2. Sovereignty: Distinguishing Public Regulation vs. Public Property

29 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Property Right at Biological Material either Immaterial Property at Information or Binary Model

30 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Universal Property Right at Biological Material either Territorial Immaterial Property at Information or Binary Model

31 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited $ Intellectual Property-Model

32 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Property-Model damage = lost value

33 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited PROS 1. „Natural“ claim for royalties 2. Damages do not depend on the value (isolated economic value can be small) 2. Damages enclose profits. IP-Model CONS 1. Territoriality limits enforcement. 2. Benefits arise late. 3. Benefits are bound to timely limited right.

34 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited IP-model appropriate?

35 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited IP: Timely limited monopoly in competition prone to national industrial policies Public (souvereign) Property Cultural Autonomy (comp. to Personality R.)

36 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Property Right at Biological Material neither Immaterial Property at Information nor sui generis (exclusionary) right to Genetic Resources & TK but

37 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited sui generis (exclusionary) right to Genetic Resources & TK - universal (thus international, not bound to sovereignty) - claim of share in profits (independent of initial value) - not bound to time lapse of another IP-right (limits remain to be defined)

38 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Universal Sui Generis (exclusionary) Right to Genetic Resources & TK Argument (1): similar to former universal-principle of brands & copyright Argument (2): similar to „right to personal autonomy“

39 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited transnational Sui Generis (exclusionary) Right to Genetic Resources & TK Argument (3): GK-TK is internationally acknowledged: - CBD/UNESCO etc. international convened protection - an intergouvernmental recognition agreement would only be a formal act

40 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited IV.1. Conclusion: Property or Intellectual Property? 1) BS - is a universal sui generis right 2) BS- model is „cultural heritage“ 3) BS - enforceable in user states, resultung in a legitime claim to a share in profits.

41 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract payment intermediary injunction renegotiation damages for infringement injunc tion or Lex contractus Lex contractus Law Suit based on IP-Property and IP-Infringement will be dismissed as unfounded (due to lack of mutual recognition agreements) Infringing activity in provider country? Infringing activity in provider country?

42 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited Contract with Royalty Promise Contract with renegotiation duty in case of commercial use no Contract payment intermediary injunction renegotiation damages for infringement injunc tion or Lex contractus Lex contractus Lex fori BS as „sui generis“-right Provider countries law Lex loci delicti Lex loci delicti

43 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited IV.2. Territorial Sovereignty: International jurisdiction for (privider) state claims? - as trustee of public property. - as party to a BS-contract.

44 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited 1) No: for claims in relation to regulating access (fees, fines - and no circumvention via property) 2) Yes: as „owner“ of „national patrimony“ judged according to national provider state laws (cultural heritage analogy)

45 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited V.Concusing: Lessons Learnt 1) Negotiate contracts! 2) BS is sui generis right. 3) National ABS-laws in provider countries are essential for user countries´ measures.

46 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited 3) a) recognition of a right b) defining duties. c) limits to free disposition: - payment duties to special funds - predetermination for conservation purposes

47 PD Dr. Christine Godt Property Revisited thanks !

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