1. Crop Protection Online - now also including maize Per Rydahl Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences

2. Contents Status Introduction to model Prototypes in maize User interfaces

3. Status

4. Status (1) Crops: –3 spring cereal crops –4 winter cereal crops –spring- and winter oilseed rape –field pea –sugar beet

5. Status (2) Herbicides: –all registered and marketed products Weeds: –75 species Subscribers in Denmark: –1000 farmers –300 consultants –200 schools, companies etc. System export: –Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Norway

6. Introduction to model

7. Model function 1.assesses the level of weed control needed 2.selects single herbicides and calculates doses needed 3.calculates tank-mixtures, optimised for cost or TFI 4.strategy-module for multiple treatments

8. Step 1: The level of control needed Includes aspects on yield, quality and crop rotation Based on expert knowledge Input: –Crop name –Season –Expected yield –Weed name –Weed density Output: –level of control needed on weed biomass, 4-6 weeks after a herbicide application (0-97%)

9. Step 2: dose-response function 1 herbicide, 1 weed 1/4 N 1/2 N 1/1 N 2/1 N

10. Step 2: dose-response function Integration

11. Step 2: dose-response function 1 herbicide, 3 weed species Actual doseEfficacy target level

12. Step 3: ‘Tankmixtures’ Additive Dose Model (ADM) Herbicide A: ADM (70%) Synergism Antagonism ED 70 Herbicide A ED 70 Herbicide B Herbicide B:

13. Sp 1 Dose Herbicide A Dose Herbicide B Sp 2 Sp 3 Sp 4 a b c d Line (a,b),(b,c),(c,d) = ’Border isobole’ Step 3: ‘Tankmixtures’ Optimization

14. Prototypes in maize

15. Tasks to develop and validate DSS models for weed control in maize to achieve sufficient and safe control of weeds to quantify potentials

16. Reuse of components from cereals target effect levels: –expert model dose/response functions: –weed species (field data) –weed growth stages (semifield data) –temperature, relative air humidity and water stress (semifield data) ADM(semifield data)

17. Reuse of components from sugar beet strategy: –spray subsequent flushes of emerged weeds repeated: –field inspections –consultations of model –sprayings, as recommend by model dose/response functions: –data from ’genuine’ split-applications of single herbicides

18. Prototypes 3 prototypes with 3 levels of aimed efficacy: –’90%-version’ –’85%-version’ –’80%-version’ questions to answer in field validation tests: –can treatment options be recommended by model? –is yield and weed control at satisfactory levels? –can input of herbicides be reduced?

19. Efficacy 4-6 weeks after treatment Efficacy on weed density (%) YearNo. of trials Un- treated (no./m 2 ) 2 x Calaris 0,75 l/ha 90%85%80% 200354021009997- 20044 92 - 80 2005516695-9390 W.m.1422996999486

20. Efficacy at harvest (1) Total weed cover (%) YearNo. of trials Un- treated 2 x Calaris 0,75 l/ha 90%85%80% 2003589136- 20044722-77 20055853-43 W.m.14832365

21. Efficacy at harvest (2) No. of trials with >15% total weed cover YearNo. of trials Un- treated Ref. 2 x Calaris 0,75 l/ha 90%85%80% 200355000- 2004440-10 2005550-00 W.m.14 0000

22. Yields *) No significant differences between treatments Hkg dry matter per hectare YearNo. of trilas Un- treated 2 x Calaris 0,75 l/ha 90%85%80% 20035----- 2004 *) 450,359,6-58,256,8 20055-----

23. Treatment Frequency Index (TFI) TFI YearNo. of trials 2 x Calaris 0,75 l/ha 90%85%80% 200351,130,970,86- 200441,13-1,030,87 200551,13-1,221,13 W.m.141,130,971,041,01

24. Costs of herbicides DKK per hectare YearNo. of trials 2 x Calaris 0,75 l/ha 90%85%80% 20035726697480- 20044726-598512 20055720-578597 W.m.14724697581559

25. Conclusions on prototypes in maize considerable variation in weed infestations in validation test plots satisfactory weed control was achieved by all prototypes in all tests input of herbicides by 85%-version and 80%-version: –about 10% reduction of TFI –about 20% reduction of cost (about 160 DKK/ha) slightly revised 80%-version will be integrated in the official version of CPO in 2006

26. User interfaces

27. User interface - input www.planteinfo.dk www.planteinfo.dk

28. User interface - output